[{"n": "Aeolipile", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/aeolipile/", "s": "First recorded reaction device, a curiosity of ancient engineering."}, {"n": "Aqueduct (bridge)", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/aqueduct-bridge/", "s": "Ancient bridges for water"}, {"n": "Aqueduct (water supply)", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/aqueduct-water-supply/", "s": "Ancient and modern systems for conveying water from source to users."}, {"n": "Archimedes' heat ray", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/archimedes-heat-ray/", "s": "A disputed ancient solar weapon attributed to Archimedes."}, {"n": "Archimedes' screw", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/archimedes-screw/", "s": "Ancient screw, modern power: lifting water and generating energy."}, {"n": "Armillary sphere", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/armillary-sphere/", "s": "A spherical framework of rings modeling the celestial sphere."}, {"n": "Comedy (drama)", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/comedy-drama/", "s": "A dramatic genre with happy endings and humorous tone."}, {"n": "Dioptra", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/dioptra/", "s": "Classical instrument for measuring angles in astronomy and surveying."}, {"n": "Drip irrigation", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/drip-irrigation/", "s": "Modern drip irrigation was invented in Israel in the 1960s."}, {"n": "Equatorial ring", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/equatorial-ring/", "s": "Hellenistic instrument for determining equinox moments."}, {"n": "Equatorium", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/equatorium/", "s": "A geometrical instrument for calculating planetary positions without arithmetic."}, {"n": "Escapement", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/escapement/", "s": "A mechanical linkage that drives timekeeping and produces the ticking sound."}, {"n": "Food steamer", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/food-steamer/", "s": "A small appliance for cooking food with steam heat."}, {"n": "Glassblowing", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/glassblowing/", "s": "Glassblowing invented inflation of molten glass via blowpipe."}, {"n": "Government note", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/government-note/", "s": "Paper money issued directly by a government, not a bank."}, {"n": "Groma (surveying)", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/groma-surveying/", "s": "Roman surveying tool for projecting right angles and straight lines."}, {"n": "Heron's fountain", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/heron-s-fountain/", "s": "A hydraulic machine demonstrating air and water pressure."}, {"n": "Hierapolis sawmill", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/hierapolis-sawmill/", "s": "Earliest known machine combining crank and connecting rod."}, {"n": "Hippocratic bench", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/hippocratic-bench/", "s": "Ancient traction device for bone setting and dislocation reduction."}, {"n": "Horse mill", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/horse-mill/", "s": "A mill powered by horses, used for grinding and pumping."}, {"n": "Hydraulics", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/hydraulics/", "s": "Technology using pressurized liquids for power and control."}, {"n": "Hydraulis of Dion", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/hydraulis-of-dion/", "s": "Earliest archaeological pipe organ, discovered at Dion in 1992."}, {"n": "Hypocaust", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/hypocaust/", "s": "Ancient Roman underfloor heating system that circulated hot air."}, {"n": "Clothes iron", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/clothes-iron/", "s": "A heated appliance for pressing clothes to remove wrinkles."}, {"n": "Lever", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/lever/", "s": "A rigid beam pivoted to amplify force."}, {"n": "Lustreware", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/lustreware/", "s": "Pottery with a metallic, iridescent glaze from a reduction-fired overglaze."}, {"n": "Orrery", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/orrery/", "s": "Mechanical model illustrating planetary motions, named after the Earl of Orrery."}, {"n": "Pythagorean cup", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/pythagorean-cup/", "s": "A drinking cup that empties itself when overfilled."}, {"n": "Quadrant (instrument)", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/quadrant-instrument/", "s": "An angle-measuring instrument derived from the astrolabe."}, {"n": "Rudder", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/rudder/", "s": "A control surface for steering through fluid media."}, {"n": "Steam cannon", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/steam-cannon/", "s": "A cannon that launches projectiles using heat and water."}, {"n": "Sundial", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/sundial/", "s": "A device that tells time using the Sun's shadow or light."}, {"n": "Teeth-cleaning twig", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/teeth-cleaning-twig/", "s": "Ancient oral hygiene tool made from a tree twig."}, {"n": "Toothbrush", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/toothbrush/", "s": "A handheld tool for cleaning teeth, gums, and tongue."}, {"n": "Tragedy", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/tragedy/", "s": "A drama genre invoking catharsis through human suffering."}, {"n": "Triquetrum (astronomy)", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/triquetrum-astronomy/", "s": "Medieval astronomical instrument for measuring celestial altitudes."}, {"n": "Underfloor heating", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/underfloor-heating/", "s": "Ancient smoke-trench method evolved into modern hydronic and electric systems."}, {"n": "Vending machine", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/vending-machine/", "s": "Automated machine dispensing goods after payment."}, {"n": "Waru Waru", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/waru-waru/", "s": "Pre-Hispanic raised-field agriculture of the Andes."}, {"n": "Water wheel", "u": "/e/ancient-inventions/water-wheel/", "s": "Machine converting water flow into rotary mechanical power."}]