{"https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/torque/": {"t": "Torque", "s": "Torque is the rotational analogue of linear force."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/vitruvius/": {"t": "Vitruvius", "s": "Roman architect and engineer, author of De architectura"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-histories-and-epics/e/ancient-histories-and-epics/de-architectura/": {"t": "De architectura", "s": "Only surviving architectural treatise from antiquity, foundational for classical architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/newton-s-laws-of-motion/": {"t": "Newton's laws of motion", "s": "Three laws describing motion and force relationships."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/bearing-mechanical/": {"t": "Bearing (mechanical)", "s": "Machine element that reduces friction and constrains motion."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ptolemaic-kingdom/": {"t": "Ptolemaic Kingdom", "s": "The final dynasty of ancient Egypt, blending Greek and Egyptian cultures for nearly three centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-inventors/e/spanish-inventors/blasco-de-garay/": {"t": "Blasco de Garay", "s": "Spanish navy captain and inventor of paddle wheel and diving apparatus."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "/e/ancient-inventions/aqueduct-water-supply/": {"t": "Aqueduct (water supply)", "s": "Ancient and modern systems for conveying water from source to users."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-minoans/": {"t": "The Minoans", "s": "Bronze Age civilization on Crete, first in Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/nineveh/": {"t": "Nineveh", "s": "Nineveh was an ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia, part of the Near East, and now lies within the modern Iraqi city of Mosul on the Tigris River’s eastern bank."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/bridgewater-canal/": {"t": "Bridgewater Canal", "s": "First great achievement of the canal age in Britain."}, "/e/ancient-inventions/aqueduct-bridge/": {"t": "Aqueduct (bridge)", "s": "Ancient bridges for water"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/indian-subcontinent/": {"t": "Indian subcontinent", "s": "A physiographic region below the Himalayas, divided into three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/iron-age/": {"t": "Iron Age", "s": "Final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/iron-age.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iron Age · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/petra/": {"t": "Petra", "s": "The Rose City of the Nabataeans", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/petra.webp", "c": "Al_Khazneh_Petra.jpg : Graham Racher from London, UK derivative work: MrPanyGoff · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/petra/e/petra/siq/": {"t": "Siq", "s": "The Siq is the narrow gorge entrance to Petra."}, "https://codexery.com/qumran/e/qumran/qumran/": {"t": "Qumran", "s": "Archaeological site near the Dead Sea where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found."}, "https://codexery.com/ptolemaic-kingdom/e/ptolemaic-kingdom/hellenistic-palestine/": {"t": "Hellenistic Palestine", "s": "Region under Macedonian, Ptolemaic, and Seleucid rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ptolemaic-kingdom/img/ptolemaic-kingdom/hellenistic-palestine.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hellenistic Palestine · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jericho/": {"t": "Jericho", "s": "Ancient city of Jericho, oasis in the Jordan Valley."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-israel/e/castles-in-israel/caesarea-maritima/": {"t": "Caesarea Maritima", "s": "Ancient port city and Roman capital on the Israeli coast", "i": "https://codexery.com/castles-in-israel/img/castles-in-israel/caesarea-maritima.webp", "c": "מיכל פריימן · CC BY 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/e/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/mount-carmel/": {"t": "Mount Carmel", "s": "Coastal mountain range in northern Israel, UNESCO biosphere reserve."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/archimedes/": {"t": "Archimedes", "s": "Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor of Syracuse."}, "https://codexery.com/hagia-sophia/e/hagia-sophia/anthemius-of-tralles/": {"t": "Anthemius of Tralles", "s": "Byzantine Greek geometer and co-architect of Hagia Sophia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/ren-descartes/": {"t": "René Descartes", "s": "Father of modern philosophy and analytic geometry"}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/bitumen/": {"t": "Bitumen", "s": "Viscous petroleum constituent used mainly in road construction."}, "https://codexery.com/american-educational-television-series/e/american-educational-television-series/mythbusters/": {"t": "MythBusters", "s": "Testing rumors and myths through scientific experimentation."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-depictions-of-nikola-tesla/e/cultural-depictions-of-nikola-tesla/mythbusters-2006-season/": {"t": "MythBusters (2006 season)", "s": "MythBusters tests legends, heists, and cola geysers in 2006."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/san-francisco/": {"t": "San Francisco", "s": "The City by the Bay, a center of liberal activism and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-logicians/e/philosophers-and-logicians/posidonius/": {"t": "Posidonius", "s": "Greek polymath who spread Stoicism and studied tides."}, "/e/ancient-inventions/water-wheel/": {"t": "Water wheel", "s": "Machine converting water flow into rotary mechanical power."}, "https://codexery.com/kings-of-the-universe/e/kings-of-the-universe/sennacherib/": {"t": "Sennacherib", "s": "King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 705 BC until his assassination in 681 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/hanging-gardens-of-babylon/": {"t": "Hanging Gardens of Babylon", "s": "One of the Seven Wonders, its location remains unconfirmed.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/hanging-gardens-of-babylon.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Hanging Gardens of Babylon · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ptolemaic-kingdom/e/ptolemaic-kingdom/syracusia/": {"t": "Syracusia", "s": "Ancient Greek ship, possibly the largest transport vessel of antiquity."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-philosophers/diodorus-siculus/": {"t": "Diodorus Siculus", "s": "Greek historian who compiled the vast universal history Bibliotheca Historica.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/img/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-philosophers/diodorus-siculus.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bibliotheca Historica · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/nile/e/nile/nile-delta/": {"t": "Nile Delta", "s": "One of the world's largest deltas, formed by the Nile River.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nile/img/nile/nile-delta.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nile Delta · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/pompeii/": {"t": "Pompeii", "s": "A Roman city frozen in time by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/leonardo-da-vinci/": {"t": "Leonardo da Vinci", "s": "Italian polymath of the High Renaissance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/leonardo-da-vinci.webp", "c": "Attributed to Francesco Melzi · via Wikipedia: Leonardo da Vinci · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/daniel-bernoulli/": {"t": "Daniel Bernoulli", "s": "Swiss mathematician and physicist known for Bernoulli's principle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/img/scientists-and-mathematicians/daniel-bernoulli.webp", "c": "UnknownEdited by Bammesk · via Wikipedia: Daniel Bernoulli · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/leonhard-euler/": {"t": "Leonhard Euler", "s": "Swiss polymath who founded graph theory and topology, introduced key mathematical notation, and was the most prolific mathematician of the 18th century."}, "https://codexery.com/castles/e/castles/windsor-castle/": {"t": "Windsor Castle", "s": "A royal residence embodying almost a millennium of architectural history."}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/food-and-drink/cereal/": {"t": "Cereal", "s": "Grasses cultivated for edible grain, global staple foods."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/astrolabe/": {"t": "Astrolabe", "s": "Ancient astronomical instrument used as a star chart and analog calculator."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/constellation/": {"t": "Constellation", "s": "Patterns in the sky that guide stories and navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/abrahamic-religions-and-criticism/islamic-world/": {"t": "Islamic world", "s": "Global community of those adhering to Islam."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomy/e/ancient-greek-astronomy/geocentrism/": {"t": "Geocentrism", "s": "Earth-centered model of the cosmos, dominant for over 1,500 years."}, "https://codexery.com/portuguese-exploration-in-the-age-of/e/portuguese-exploration-in-the-age-of-discovery/manuel-i-of-portugal/": {"t": "Manuel I of Portugal", "s": "King of Portugal during the height of its maritime expansion."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/ceramic/": {"t": "Ceramic", "s": "Hard, brittle, heat-resistant materials made from fired inorganic substances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/ceramic.webp", "c": "Goterrestrial · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/empire-of-brazil/e/empire-of-brazil/empire-of-brazil/": {"t": "Empire of Brazil", "s": "A 19th-century constitutional monarchy in South America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/empire-of-brazil/img/empire-of-brazil/empire-of-brazil.webp", "c": "Mendes, Cândido · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/compass/": {"t": "Compass", "s": "Instrument indicating direction relative to geographic cardinal points."}, "https://codexery.com/astrology/e/astrology/ephemeris/": {"t": "Ephemeris", "s": "Tables of celestial positions used in astronomy and astrology."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventors/e/chinese-inventors/zhang-heng/": {"t": "Zhang Heng", "s": "Eastern Han polymath who invented the seismoscope and armillary sphere."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "Imperial dynasty ruling China from 618 to 907."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomy/e/ancient-greek-astronomy/ancient-greek-astronomy/": {"t": "Ancient Greek astronomy", "s": "Ancient Greek astronomy: from flat Earth to heliocentrism, the foundations of Western stargazing."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/eratosthenes/": {"t": "Eratosthenes", "s": "Ancient Greek polymath who first measured Earth's circumference."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/circle-of-latitude/": {"t": "Circle of latitude", "s": "Parallel circles defining latitude on Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomers/e/ancient-greek-astronomers/ptolemy/": {"t": "Ptolemy", "s": "Greco-Roman scholar who authored the Almagest and Geography."}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/tycho-brahe/": {"t": "Tycho Brahe", "s": "The greatest pre-telescopic astronomer", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/tycho-brahe.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tycho Brahe · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-athletics/e/sports-and-athletics/paralympic-games/": {"t": "Paralympic Games", "s": "The Paralympic Games: celebrating athletic achievement, not disability."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/theatre/": {"t": "Theatre", "s": "Collaborative live performance art before an audience."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/the-divine-comedy/": {"t": "The Divine Comedy", "s": "Three-part poem on the soul's journey through the afterlife."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/thomas-hobbes/": {"t": "Thomas Hobbes", "s": "English philosopher and political theorist, author of Leviathan.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/img/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/thomas-hobbes.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Thomas Hobbes · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/narrative-techniques-and-genres/irony/": {"t": "Irony", "s": "A juxtaposition of surface and underlying meaning."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/satire/": {"t": "Satire", "s": "A genre using ridicule to expose societal flaws."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/evil/": {"t": "Evil", "s": "Evil is profound immorality, often opposed to good."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/taboo/": {"t": "Taboo", "s": "Social prohibitions rooted in sacredness or repulsion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/img/crime-and-deviance/taboo.webp", "c": "Walterlan Papetti · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/drama/e/drama/comedy-of-manners/": {"t": "Comedy of manners", "s": "A satirical genre exposing social hypocrisies through witty dialogue."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aristotle/": {"t": "Aristotle", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, founder of the Peripatetic school."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato/": {"t": "Plato", "s": "Foundational Western philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/img/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato.webp", "c": "Marie-Lan Nguyen · via Wikipedia: Plato · Public domain"}, "/e/ancient-inventions/groma-surveying/": {"t": "Groma (surveying)", "s": "Roman surveying tool for projecting right angles and straight lines."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "Hellenistic period", "s": "Era of Greek cultural expansion after Alexander the Great's conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/euclid/": {"t": "Euclid", "s": "Ancient Greek mathematician, author of the Elements."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomers/e/ancient-greek-astronomers/geminus/": {"t": "Geminus", "s": "Greek astronomer and mathematician, author of the Introduction to the Phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/surveying/": {"t": "Surveying", "s": "Surveying determines positions for maps, boundaries, and construction."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/evaporation/": {"t": "Evaporation", "s": "Surface vaporization process driven by heat and molecular kinetics."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polyethylene/": {"t": "Polyethylene", "s": "Polyethylene is the most commonly produced plastic worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/fruits-and-vegetables/e/fruits-and-vegetables/eggplant/": {"t": "Eggplant", "s": "A versatile berry from the nightshade family, prized for its ability to absorb flavors."}, "https://codexery.com/peppers-citrus-fruits/e/peppers-and-citrus-fruits/citrus/": {"t": "Citrus", "s": "Genus of flowering trees producing many hybrid citrus fruits.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peppers-citrus-fruits/img/peppers-and-citrus-fruits/citrus.webp", "c": "PierreSelim · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/plants-and-crops/sugarcane/": {"t": "Sugarcane", "s": "A tall perennial grass used for sugar production, native to New Guinea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/plants-and-crops/sugarcane.webp", "c": "Vis M · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/equator/": {"t": "Equator", "s": "Imaginary line dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/east/": {"t": "East", "s": "Cardinal direction of sunrise, opposite west, abbreviated as E."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/west/": {"t": "West", "s": "Cardinal direction opposite east, where the Sun sets."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/north/": {"t": "North", "s": "One of the four cardinal directions, opposite south."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/south/": {"t": "South", "s": "One of the four cardinal directions, opposite north."}, "/e/ancient-inventions/armillary-sphere/": {"t": "Armillary sphere", "s": "A spherical framework of rings modeling the celestial sphere."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomy/e/ancient-greek-astronomy/deferent-and-epicycle/": {"t": "Deferent and epicycle", "s": "Ancient geometric model explaining planetary retrograde motion via circles on circles."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-logicians/e/philosophers-and-logicians/proclus/": {"t": "Proclus", "s": "Greek Neoplatonic philosopher, one of the last major classical philosophers of late antiquity."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/alfonso-x-of-castile/": {"t": "Alfonso X of Castile", "s": "King of Castile, León and Galicia; patron of science and law."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/benedictines/": {"t": "Benedictines", "s": "Oldest Latin Church order, following the Rule of Saint Benedict."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hipparchus/": {"t": "Hipparchus", "s": "Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician; founder of trigonometry and discoverer of the precession of the equinoxes."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/superstitions/e/superstitions/horoscope/": {"t": "Horoscope", "s": "An astrological chart mapping celestial positions at a given time."}, "/e/ancient-inventions/lever/": {"t": "Lever", "s": "A rigid beam pivoted to amplify force."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventors/e/chinese-inventors/yi-xing/": {"t": "Yi Xing", "s": "Tang dynasty monk, astronomer, and calendar reformer."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventors/e/chinese-inventors/liang-lingzan/": {"t": "Liang Lingzan", "s": "Tang dynasty inventor of a mechanized water clock with Yi Xing."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/song-dynasty/": {"t": "Song dynasty", "s": "Chinese dynasty that pioneered paper money and gunpowder weapons."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventors/e/chinese-inventors/su-song/": {"t": "Su Song", "s": "Song dynasty polymath who built a water-driven astronomical clock tower."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/astronomical-clock/": {"t": "Astronomical clock", "s": "Clocks displaying astronomical information beyond time of day."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/mercury-element/": {"t": "Mercury (element)", "s": "A heavy, silvery liquid metal with unique physical properties and high toxicity."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/harmonic-oscillator/": {"t": "Harmonic oscillator", "s": "A system with restoring force proportional to displacement."}, "https://codexery.com/swiss-inventions/e/swiss-inventions/grasshopper-escapement/": {"t": "Grasshopper escapement", "s": "Low-friction escapement for pendulum clocks by John Harrison."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/hooke-s-law/": {"t": "Hooke's law", "s": "Hooke's law describes linear elasticity in springs and materials."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/hertz/": {"t": "Hertz", "s": "German physicist who proved electromagnetic waves exist."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/e/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/restoring-force/": {"t": "Restoring force", "s": "Force that returns a body to equilibrium."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/frequency/": {"t": "Frequency", "s": "Frequency measures repeating events per unit time."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/shandong/": {"t": "Shandong", "s": "Coastal province, cradle of Confucianism and Taoism."}, "https://codexery.com/dim-sum/e/dim-sum/har-gow/": {"t": "Har gow", "s": "A translucent shrimp dumpling judged by its pleats and texture."}, "https://codexery.com/mauritian-cuisine/e/mauritian-cuisine/shumai/": {"t": "Shumai", "s": "A traditional Chinese dumpling with global variations."}, "https://codexery.com/malaysian-cuisine/e/malaysian-cuisine/dim-sum/": {"t": "Dim sum", "s": "Small Chinese dishes served with tea for brunch."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/borosilicate-glass/": {"t": "Borosilicate glass", "s": "A type of glass with silica and boron trioxide, known for low thermal expansion and high resistance to thermal shock."}, "https://codexery.com/archaeological-sites-in-israel/e/sites/sepphoris/": {"t": "Sepphoris", "s": "Ancient Galilean city with diverse cultural and religious layers."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/graphite/": {"t": "Graphite", "s": "A crystalline carbon allotrope used in refractories, batteries, and lubricants.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry/img/chemistry/graphite.webp", "c": "D.S. Soriano · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/bellows/": {"t": "Bellows", "s": "Device for controlled air blast, essential in metallurgy and music."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/lathe/": {"t": "Lathe", "s": "Ancient tool for shaping symmetrical objects by rotation."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/fused-quartz/": {"t": "Fused quartz", "s": "A high-purity glass used in optics, semiconductors, and high-temperature applications."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/phoenicia/": {"t": "Phoenicia", "s": "Ancient Semitic maritime traders who spread the alphabet across the Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/phoenicia.webp", "c": "Kordas, based on Alvaro's work · via Wikipedia: Phoenicia · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/campania/": {"t": "Campania", "s": "Southern Italian region rich in history, culture, and UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/aquileia/": {"t": "Aquileia", "s": "Roman colony, early Christian hub, sacked by Attila."}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/alps/": {"t": "Alps", "s": "Major European mountain range spanning eight countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/img/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/alps.webp", "c": "Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite · via Wikipedia: Alps · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/rhine/": {"t": "Rhine", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, flowing from the Swiss Alps to the North Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/rhine.webp", "c": "Sdkb · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/e/economics-and-business/paper-money/": {"t": "Paper money", "s": "Negotiable promissory notes used as currency worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/img/economics-and-business/paper-money.webp", "c": "Gary Todd · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/banking-and-finance/e/banking-and-finance/banknote/": {"t": "Banknote", "s": "A banknote is a type of paper money issued by a bank."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/euro/": {"t": "Euro", "s": "Official currency of 21 EU states and second-most traded globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/img/finance-and-investment/euro.webp", "c": "The RedBurn · via Wikipedia: Euro · ECB decisions ECB/2003/4 and ECB/2003/5"}, "https://codexery.com/banking-and-finance/e/banking-and-finance/central-bank/": {"t": "Central bank", "s": "A financial institution managing monetary policy and ensuring banking stability."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/inflation/": {"t": "Inflation", "s": "An increase in the average price of goods and services."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/": {"t": "Yuan dynasty", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was an early modern empire in East Asia ruled by the Manchu people."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/korean-peninsula/": {"t": "Korean Peninsula", "s": "Divided peninsula with ancient kingdoms and modern global influence."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/joseon/": {"t": "Joseon", "s": "A dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years, founded in 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in 1897."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war/": {"t": "American Revolutionary War", "s": "Armed conflict that secured American independence from British rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austrian-empire/": {"t": "Austrian Empire", "s": "A multinational great power formed from the Habsburg monarchy in 1804."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/indonesian-national-revolution/": {"t": "Indonesian National Revolution", "s": "Armed and diplomatic struggle for Indonesian independence from Dutch rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/img/revolutions-and-conflicts/indonesian-national-revolution.webp", "c": "Unknown author · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/local-government/": {"t": "Local government", "s": "Lowest tier of governance within a sovereign state."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-etruscans/": {"t": "The Etruscans", "s": "Ancient Italian civilization of city-states with a distinct language and culture."}, "/e/ancient-inventions/dioptra/": {"t": "Dioptra", "s": "Classical instrument for measuring angles in astronomy and surveying."}, "/e/ancient-inventions/hydraulics/": {"t": "Hydraulics", "s": "Technology using pressurized liquids for power and control."}, "/e/ancient-inventions/aeolipile/": {"t": "Aeolipile", "s": "First recorded reaction device, a curiosity of ancient engineering."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/siphon/": {"t": "Siphon", "s": "Ancient device, modern mystery: the siphon's flow defies simple explanation."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/potential-energy/": {"t": "Potential energy", "s": "Energy stored in an object's position or configuration."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/e/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/hierapolis/": {"t": "Hierapolis", "s": "Hellenistic city famed for hot springs, wool, and Epictetus."}, "https://codexery.com/antiochus-iv-epiphanes/e/antiochus-iv-epiphanes/jerash/": {"t": "Jerash", "s": "Ancient city in Jordan with well-preserved Greco-Roman ruins."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/ephesus/": {"t": "Ephesus", "s": "Ancient Greek city on the Ionian coast, home to the Temple of Artemis and a UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/moselle/": {"t": "Moselle", "s": "A left-bank tributary of the Rhine, rising in the Vosges and flowing through France, Luxembourg, and Germany.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/moselle.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/gregory-of-nyssa/": {"t": "Gregory of Nyssa", "s": "Cappadocian Father who opposed slavery and shaped Trinitarian doctrine."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hippocrates/": {"t": "Hippocrates", "s": "Father of Medicine who separated medicine from religion and emphasized natural causes of disease."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/e/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/scoliosis/": {"t": "Scoliosis", "s": "A spinal condition with irregular curvature, often of unknown cause.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/img/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/scoliosis.webp", "c": "Hwhwh27 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/cattle/": {"t": "Cattle", "s": "Domesticated bovid ungulates raised for meat, dairy, and labor."}, "https://codexery.com/australian-cuisine/e/australian-cuisine/camel-meat/": {"t": "Camel meat", "s": "Camel meat comes from domesticated camels, a vital desert livestock.", "i": "https://codexery.com/australian-cuisine/img/australian-cuisine/camel-meat.webp", "c": "Jjron · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-carthage/": {"t": "Ancient Carthage", "s": "Ancient Carthage: A dominant western Mediterranean power until its destruction in 146 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/northumberland/": {"t": "Northumberland", "s": "The northernmost county in England, rich in border history and natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/antwerp/": {"t": "Antwerp", "s": "Major port, diamond hub, and historic global city in Belgium."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/fluid-mechanics/": {"t": "Fluid mechanics", "s": "Branch of physics studying fluids and forces on them."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/pressure/": {"t": "Pressure", "s": "Pressure is force per unit area, a scalar quantity."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/e/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/volumetric-flow-rate/": {"t": "Volumetric flow rate", "s": "Volume of fluid passing per unit time."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/estuary/": {"t": "Estuary", "s": "Transitional coastal ecosystems where freshwater meets saltwater."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/sea/": {"t": "Sea", "s": "The sea is Earth's interconnected body of salt water."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/gas/": {"t": "Gas", "s": "A compressible fluid state of matter."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-iran/e/world-heritage-sites-in-iran/qanat/": {"t": "Qanat", "s": "Ancient underground aqueducts delivering water by gravity in arid regions."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/maya-civilization/": {"t": "Maya civilization", "s": "Ancient Mesoamerican civilization known for its temples, glyphs, and advanced mathematics."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/persians/": {"t": "Persians", "s": "An Iranian ethnic group indigenous to the Iranian plateau, native speakers of Persian, and founders of ancient empires."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/achaemenid-empire/": {"t": "Achaemenid Empire", "s": "The largest empire of its time, founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/e/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/urartu/": {"t": "Urartu", "s": "Iron Age kingdom centered on the Armenian highlands, rival of Assyria.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/img/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/urartu.webp", "c": "Esayi-Muse · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventors/e/chinese-inventors/du-shi/": {"t": "Du Shi", "s": "First to use water power for metallurgic bellows."}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/hydropower/": {"t": "Hydropower", "s": "Hydropower uses falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or power machines."}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-pipe-organ/": {"t": "The Pipe organ", "s": "A wind-driven keyboard instrument with ancient Greek origins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-pipe-organ.webp", "c": "Ermell · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mount-olympus/e/mount-olympus/dion-pieria/": {"t": "Dion, Pieria", "s": "Ancient Macedonian sanctuary of Zeus at the foot of Mount Olympus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mount-olympus/img/mount-olympus/dion-pieria.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Dion, Pieria · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-v/": {"t": "Constantine V", "s": "Byzantine emperor who strengthened borders and enforced iconoclast policies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/img/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-v.webp", "c": "Kostisl · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/central-heating/": {"t": "Central heating", "s": "A system that provides warmth to multiple spaces from one main heat source."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/iberian-peninsula/": {"t": "Iberian Peninsula", "s": "Second-largest European peninsula, home to Spain and Portugal."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/injuries-and-conditions/wrinkle/": {"t": "Wrinkle", "s": "A fold or crease in skin from aging or water immersion."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polymer/": {"t": "Polymer", "s": "Large molecules of repeating subunits essential to life and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/kerosene/": {"t": "Kerosene", "s": "Combustible hydrocarbon liquid derived from petroleum, used as fuel."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/ethanol/": {"t": "Ethanol", "s": "Organic compound, CNS depressant, active ingredient in alcoholic beverages."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/natural-gas/": {"t": "Natural gas", "s": "Fossil fuel primarily composed of methane, used for energy."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/cast-iron/": {"t": "Cast iron", "s": "Iron-carbon alloy with >2% carbon, valued for castability."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-current/": {"t": "Electric current", "s": "Flow of charged particles through a conductor or space."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-ukraine/e/castles-in-ukraine/radomysl-castle/": {"t": "Radomysl Castle", "s": "A 21st-century castle built on a 17th-century paper mill."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/e/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/mechanical-advantage/": {"t": "Mechanical advantage", "s": "Force amplification through trade-off of input force and movement."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/loom/": {"t": "Loom", "s": "Device that holds warp threads under tension for weaving cloth."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/ancient-egyptian-technology/": {"t": "Ancient Egyptian technology", "s": "Ancient Egyptians invented foundational technologies in construction, writing, and maritime engineering."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/eardrum/": {"t": "Eardrum", "s": "Thin membrane that transmits sound to the middle ear."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/e/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/virtual-work/": {"t": "Virtual work", "s": "Concept in mechanics linking virtual displacements to work."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/pottery/": {"t": "Pottery", "s": "One of the oldest human inventions, fired clay objects."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/porcelain/": {"t": "Porcelain", "s": "A high-fired ceramic prized for strength, whiteness, and translucence."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/iridescence/": {"t": "Iridescence", "s": "Color that shifts with angle, caused by light interference.", "i": "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/img/optics-and-photonics/iridescence.webp", "c": "Furnaminaly · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/redox/": {"t": "Redox", "s": "Chemical reactions where oxidation states change via electron or atom transfer."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/fatimid-caliphate/": {"t": "Fatimid Caliphate", "s": "Isma'ili Shi'a caliphate spanning North Africa and West Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/cairo/": {"t": "Cairo", "s": "The city of a thousand minarets"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/barcelona/": {"t": "Barcelona", "s": "Capital of Catalonia, Mediterranean metropolis, and global cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-and-gems/e/minerals-and-gems/ochre/": {"t": "Ochre", "s": "Natural clay pigment used for art, ritual, and medicine since prehistory."}, "https://codexery.com/fermentation/e/fermented-foods/vinegar/": {"t": "Vinegar", "s": "Sour liquid used in cooking, cleaning, and medicine for millennia."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/seljuk-sultanate/": {"t": "Seljuk Sultanate", "s": "The Turco-Persian empire of the Oghuz Turks that stretched from Anatolia to the Hindu Kush."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomy/e/ancient-greek-astronomy/heliocentrism/": {"t": "Heliocentrism", "s": "Superseded model placing Sun at universe's center."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/antikythera/": {"t": "Antikythera", "s": "A Greek island on the edge of the Aegean, known for the Antikythera mechanism and its Venetian heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-antikythera-mechanism/": {"t": "The Antikythera Mechanism", "s": "The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient Greek hand-powered orrery, the oldest known analogue computer, used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/cicero/": {"t": "Cicero", "s": "Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher who shaped Latin rhetoric and thought."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/thales-of-miletus/": {"t": "Thales of Miletus", "s": "Pre-Socratic philosopher, first to use natural reason over myth."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/mercury-planet/": {"t": "Mercury (planet)", "s": "Smallest planet and closest to the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/venus/": {"t": "Venus", "s": "Earth's twin, hottest planet, shrouded in sulfuric acid clouds."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/mars/": {"t": "Mars", "s": "The fourth planet from the Sun, a desert world with polar ice caps."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/jupiter/": {"t": "Jupiter", "s": "Largest planet in the Solar System, a gas giant with a Great Red Spot."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/saturn/": {"t": "Saturn", "s": "Saturn is a gas giant with rings and the lowest density in the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/nicolaus-copernicus/": {"t": "Nicolaus Copernicus", "s": "Renaissance polymath who proposed the Sun-centered model of the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/aristarchus-of-samos/": {"t": "Aristarchus of Samos", "s": "Ancient Greek astronomer who first proposed a Sun-centered universe."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-kepler/": {"t": "Johannes Kepler", "s": "German polymath and father of modern astronomy", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-kepler.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Johannes Kepler · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/isaac-newton/": {"t": "Isaac Newton", "s": "English polymath who formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/newton-s-law-of-universal-gravitation/": {"t": "Newton's law of universal gravitation", "s": "Gravity as a universal force between all masses."}, "https://codexery.com/designers-and-craftsmen/e/designers-and-craftsmen/thomas-tompion/": {"t": "Thomas Tompion", "s": "English clockmaker, watchmaker and mechanician, regarded as the 'Father of English Clockmaking'."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/christiaan-huygens/": {"t": "Christiaan Huygens", "s": "Dutch polymath who advanced optics, mechanics, and astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/scale-model/": {"t": "Scale model", "s": "Physical model geometrically similar to a prototype for testing or display."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-tentative-list/e/world-heritage-tentative-list/armagh-observatory/": {"t": "Armagh Observatory", "s": "A historic astronomical research institute with 224 years of unbroken weather records."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/ceres-dwarf-planet/": {"t": "Ceres (dwarf planet)", "s": "Dwarf planet in the main asteroid belt, first discovered asteroid."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/halley-s-comet/": {"t": "Halley's Comet", "s": "First comet recognized as periodic, observed for over two millennia.", "i": 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"https://codexery.com/gregorian-calendar/img/gregorian-calendar/christopher-clavius.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christopher Clavius · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dante-alighieri/": {"t": "Dante Alighieri", "s": "Italian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy in the vernacular."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/ecliptic/": {"t": "Ecliptic", "s": "Apparent path of the Sun on the celestial sphere.", "i": "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/img/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/ecliptic.webp", "c": "S.fonsi · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomy/e/ancient-greek-astronomy/mural-instrument/": {"t": "Mural instrument", "s": "Wall-mounted angle measurer for meridian astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/boat/": {"t": "Boat", "s": "A watercraft smaller than a ship, used for transport and recreation.", "i": 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"https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/airplane/": {"t": "Airplane", "s": "Fixed-wing aircraft propelled by thrust, from the Wright brothers to modern jets.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/airplane.webp", "c": "SamKramer123 · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/e/aircraft-components/fuselage/": {"t": "Fuselage", "s": "The fuselage is the main body section of an aircraft."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/drag-physics/": {"t": "Drag (physics)", "s": "A force opposing motion through a fluid, dependent on velocity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/drag-physics.webp", "c": "Nubifer // Wiki LIC (Spanish translation) · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea/": {"t": "Mediterranean Sea", "s": "Eponymous mediterranean sea enclosed by Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea.webp", "c": "of the modification : Eric Gaba (Sting) · via Wikipedia: Mediterranean Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/pharaohs-of-egypt/e/pharaohs-of-egypt/menes/": {"t": "Menes", "s": "Classical tradition credits Menes with unifying Egypt."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-kingdom-of-egypt/": {"t": "Middle Kingdom of Egypt", "s": "Period of reunification and stability after the First Intermediate Period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-kingdom-of-egypt.webp", "c": "Gert7 · via Wikipedia: Middle Kingdom of Egypt · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/nile/": {"t": "Nile", "s": "Longest river in the world, central to African history and civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/han-dynasty/": {"t": "Han dynasty", "s": "The golden age that shaped Chinese 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"i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/neolithic.webp", "c": "Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electrical-resistance-and-conductance/": {"t": "Electrical resistance and conductance", "s": "Fundamental electrical properties quantifying opposition and ease of current flow."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/density/": {"t": "Density", "s": "Mass per unit volume, an intensive property of matter."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/entropy/": {"t": "Entropy", "s": "A measure of disorder and irreversibility in physical systems."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/renewable-energy/": {"t": "Renewable energy", "s": "Energy from replenished natural resources, increasingly replacing fossil fuels."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/sustainability/": {"t": "Sustainability", "s": "Ability to continue over a long period of time."}, "https://codexery.com/burns/e/burns/hot-tar-burn/": {"t": "Hot tar burn", "s": "Thermal burn from hot tar, often work-related.", "i": "https://codexery.com/burns/img/burns/hot-tar-burn.webp", "c": "Skimel (translation) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/dementia/": {"t": "Dementia", "s": "A progressive syndrome of cognitive decline affecting daily life."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/nordic-countries/": {"t": "Nordic countries", "s": "A region of Northern Europe with deep historical and cultural ties."}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/food-and-drink/drink/": {"t": "Drink", "s": "Liquids for human consumption, vital for life and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/credit-card/": {"t": "Credit card", "s": "A payment card that allows users 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motion, quantified as ½mv² in classical mechanics."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/papermaking/": {"t": "Papermaking", "s": "Process of forming cellulose fiber mats into paper sheets."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/post-classical-history/": {"t": "Post-classical history", "s": "Period of global expansion, trade, and religious spread."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/elevation/": {"t": "Elevation", "s": "Height of Earth's surface above a reference geoid."}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/hydroelectricity/": {"t": "Hydroelectricity", "s": "Electricity generated from hydropower, a key low-carbon energy source."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/isle-of-man/": {"t": "Isle of Man", "s": "A self-governing Crown Dependency with a distinct identity and history."}}