Ancient Empires Codexery — Data & Quality

We publish our audit record because accuracy claims should be checkable. Every entry on this site runs through an automated fact-audit pipeline (accuracy audit → source-grounded repair → visual QA); this page is generated from that pipeline's own report, not written by hand.

Last full accuracy audit: 2026-08-28 · 10 entries checked · 10 flagged · 26 issues confirmed · 6 corrected · 20 still open

Recent findings (audit lane, verbatim)

Achaemenid Empire — The Achaemenids were initially rulers of the Elamite city of Anshan – this phrasing misleadingly implies they were Elamite rulers, whereas they were Persian rulers of a former Elamite city.

Achaemenid Empire — [contradicted] The Achaemenid Empire was created by nomadic Persians, an Iranic people who arrived in what is today Iran c. 1000 BC :: The source states 'The Persians were an Iranic people who arrived in what is today Iran c. 1000 BC' (no claim of empire creat

Ancient Carthage — The claim that Carthage controlled 'southern and southeastern Iberia' by 300 BC is inaccurate; Carthage's major expansion into Iberia began after the First Punic War, with significant territorial gains under the Barcid family starting around 237 BC.

Ancient Israel and Judah — The fall of Babylon to the Achaemenid Empire occurred in 539 BCE, not c. 538 BCE.

Ancient Israel and Judah — The Second Temple was completed in 515 BCE, not 516 BCE.

Mitanni — The term Ḫanigalbat is not attested in texts from the Old Babylonian period; the earliest attestations are from the Middle Assyrian period, and Old Babylonian texts refer to Ḫabigalbat, not Ḫanigalbat.

Mitanni — [contradicted] The kingdom was called Naharin by Egyptians and Ḫanigalbat by Middle Assyrian records. :: The source says Egyptians referred to it as Naharin and Mitanni; Assyrians called it Ḫanigalbat or Ḫani-Rabbat, not 'Middle Assyrian records' specifically

Ptolemaic Kingdom — The claim that the kingdom expanded through the Syrian Wars to include northern Nubia is overstated; the Ptolemies controlled only parts of Nubia (e.g., the Dodecaschoenus region), not all of northern Nubia.

Ptolemaic Kingdom — The statement that at its peak under Ptolemy III Euergetes the Roman Republic was 'also dominant' in the Mediterranean is anachronistic; Rome was not yet a dominant power in the eastern Mediterranean at that time (mid-3rd century BC).

Sassanid Empire — The claim that Ctesiphon was the capital for all but the first two years of the Sasanian Empire is inaccurate; Ardashir I initially used Istakhr, and Ctesiphon became the capital from 224 onward, not after a two-year delay.

Sassanid Empire — The claim that Shapur I ordered the construction of the 'first dam bridge in Iran' is an overstatement; the Band-e Kaisar is not definitively the first such structure, as earlier examples may exist.

Han dynasty — [contradicted] From Emperor Wu's reign (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesizing it with the cosmology of Dong Zhongshu. :: The source states: 'From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–

Medes — [contradicted] The Medes formed an empire at the beginning of the 7th century BC :: The source states that knowledge of the Medes comes from the accounts of Herodotus, which 'convey the image of a powerful people, who would have formed an empire at the beginni

Medes — [contradicted] Their consolidation in Iran is believed to have occurred during the 8th century BC :: The source says 'Their consolidation in Iran is believed to have occurred during the 8th century BC' — this matches the page content, so no contradiction here.

Open data

All content is fetchable as JSON at /data/content/ · llms.txt · sitemap

Corrections

Spotted an error? Suggest an edit — reader reports go straight into the audit queue.

← back to Ancient Empires