{"https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/part-1/hoysala-kingdom/": {"t": "Hoysala Kingdom", "s": "South Indian dynasty known for temple architecture and resistance to invasions."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/emir/": {"t": "emir", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/part-1/yamuna/": {"t": "Yamuna", "s": "Second-largest tributary of the Ganges, sacred river and goddess in Hinduism."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/obesity/": {"t": "obesity", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/part-1/mongols/": {"t": "mongols", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/gujarat/": {"t": "gujarat", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/criminal-law-and-procedure/e/part-1/prohibition/": {"t": "prohibition", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/part-1/grazing/": {"t": "grazing", "s": ""}, 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"emperor-of-russia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/part-1/russian-far-east/": {"t": "Russian Far East", "s": "The easternmost part of Russia and Asia, coextensive with the Far Eastern Federal District."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/part-1/crimean-war/": {"t": "Crimean War", "s": "A mid-19th century conflict between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia, notable for modern technologies and "}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/part-1/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-colonization-of-north-america/e/part-1/alaska-purchase/": {"t": "Alaska Purchase", "s": "1867 U.S. purchase of Russian America for $7.2 million."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/part-1/german-empire/": {"t": "german-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/part-1/russo-turkish-war-1877-1878/": {"t": "Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)", "s": "War that freed Balkan states and shifted Black Sea power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/part-1/russo-turkish-war-1877-1878.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "saint-petersburg", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/part-1/freedom-of-thought/": {"t": "Freedom of thought", "s": "The precursor and progenitor of other liberties."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/part-1/house-of-romanov/": {"t": "house-of-romanov", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/part-1/the-irish-famine/": {"t": "the-irish-famine", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": 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"https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/part-1/polish-lithuanian-commonwealth/": {"t": "polish-lithuanian-commonwealth", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/part-1/ukrainian-language/": {"t": "ukrainian-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/polish-language/": {"t": "polish-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/part-1/patriarch-nikon-of-moscow/": {"t": "Patriarch Nikon of Moscow", "s": "Seventh Patriarch whose reforms split the Russian Orthodox Church."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-insurgent-leaders/e/part-1/stenka-razin/": {"t": "Stenka Razin", "s": "Don Cossack who led a major uprising against the nobility and tsarist bureaucracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-insurgent-leaders/img/part-1/stenka-razin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Stenka Razin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/events/the-witch/": {"t": "The Witch", "s": "A tale of witchcraft and paranoia set deep within the shadows of the New England wilderness."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/part-1/the-thirty-years-war/": {"t": "the-thirty-years-war", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/don-river/": {"t": "Don (river)", "s": "Fifth-longest river in Europe, key Byzantine trade route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/don-river.webp", "c": "High Contrast · via Wikipedia: Don (river) · CC BY-SA 2.0 de"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/part-1/astrakhan/": {"t": "Astrakhan", "s": "The southernmost outpost of Russia and the Caspian capital."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/part-1/volga/": {"t": "Volga", "s": "Europe's longest river, flowing through Russia into the Caspian Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/part-1/habsburg-monarchy/": {"t": "habsburg-monarchy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/part-1/ferdinand-iii-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "ferdinand-iii-holy-roman-emperor", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/dnieper/": {"t": "Dnieper", "s": "Major transboundary river of Eastern Europe, vital to Ukraine's economy."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charles-i-of-england/": {"t": "Charles I of England", "s": "King of England, Scotland, and Ireland executed after civil war."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/seleucid-empire/": {"t": "Seleucid Empire", "s": "Greek state in West Asia founded by Seleucus I Nicator in 312 BC, annexed by the Roman Republic in 63 BC.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/part-1/seleucid-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Seleucid Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/ptolemaic-kingdom/": {"t": "ptolemaic-kingdom", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/part-1/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/part-1/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/achaemenid-empire/": {"t": "achaemenid-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/part-1/phoenicia/": {"t": "phoenicia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hannibal/": {"t": "Hannibal", "s": "Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps and fought Rome in the Second Punic War."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/part-1/susa/": {"t": "susa", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/founders-and-unifiers-of-asian-dynasties/e/part-1/arsaces-i-of-parthia/": {"t": "arsaces-i-of-parthia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/e/part-1/fars-province/": {"t": "Fars province", "s": "Ancient Persian homeland, cradle of Achaemenid and Sasanian empires.", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/img/part-1/fars-province.webp", "c": "Bryn Pinzgauer · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/polybius/": {"t": "Polybius", "s": "Ancient Greek historian of the middle Hellenistic period, author of The Histories"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/e/part-1/cappadocia/": {"t": "Cappadocia", "s": "Historical region in central Turkey with unique rock formations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/img/part-1/cappadocia.webp", "c": "Peretz Partensky from San Francisco, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/e/part-1/kerman-province/": {"t": "Kerman province", "s": "Largest province of Iran, ancient Carmania, rich in history and resources.", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/img/part-1/kerman-province.webp", "c": "Erik Albers · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/macedonia-ancient-kingdom/": {"t": "macedonia-ancient-kingdom", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/part-1/jordan-river/": {"t": "Jordan River", "s": "A 251 km endorheic river flowing through the Levant, sacred to three major religions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/part-1/jordan-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jordan River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/part-1/smyrna/": {"t": "smyrna", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/part-1/charles-the-bald/": {"t": "charles-the-bald", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charlemagne/": {"t": "Charlemagne", "s": "Father of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/part-1/berengar-i-of-italy/": {"t": "berengar-i-of-italy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/part-1/alsace/": {"t": "alsace", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/vikingage/e/part-1/the-great-heathen-army/": {"t": "The Great Heathen Army", "s": "Unlike earlier Viking raids on monasteries and centers of wealth, this force was much larger and aimed to conquer and occupy the four kingdoms of East Anglia, N"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alfred-the-great/": {"t": "Alfred the Great", "s": "King of the West Saxons and Anglo-Saxons; defeated Vikings and reformed England."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/part-1/low-countries/": {"t": "Low Countries", "s": "Historical coastal lowland region forming the Benelux countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/part-1/low-countries.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Low Countries · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/part-1/burgundy/": {"t": "burgundy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/nantes/": {"t": "nantes", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/roman-empire/": {"t": "roman-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/danube/": {"t": "Danube", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, a historic frontier and trade route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/danube.webp", "c": "Visions of Domino · via Wikipedia: Danube · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/domitian/": {"t": "Domitian", "s": "Last of the Flavians: Ruthless autocrat who expanded Rome's borders and rebuilt the city, but was assassinated and condemned by the Senate."}, "https://codexery.com/founders-and-unifiers-of-asian-dynasties/e/part-1/burebista/": {"t": "burebista", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/part-1/cassius-dio/": {"t": "cassius-dio", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/part-1/rhine/": {"t": "Rhine", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, flowing from the Swiss Alps to the North Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/part-1/rhine.webp", "c": "Sdkb · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/part-1/sarmatians/": {"t": "sarmatians", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/romania/": {"t": "Romania", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, rich in history and natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/e/part-1/mihai-eminescu/": {"t": "Mihai Eminescu", "s": "Romanian Romantic poet, novelist, and journalist from Moldavia"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/part-1/emperor-wen-of-han/": {"t": "emperor-wen-of-han", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/han-dynasty/": {"t": "han-dynasty", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fate-grand-order/e/world/qin-empire/": {"t": "Qin Empire", "s": "China's first imperial dynasty, forged by Qin Shi Huang's unification in 221 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/part-1/qin-s-wars-of-unification/": {"t": "qin-s-wars-of-unification", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/part-1/guanzhong/": {"t": "guanzhong", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/part-1/sichuan/": {"t": "Sichuan", "s": "Inland province in Southwestern China, home to Ba and Shu.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/part-1/sichuan.webp", "c": "Md Shaifuzzaman Ayon · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/confucianism/": {"t": "Confucianism", "s": "A system of thought emphasizing virtue, harmony, and familial responsibility."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/part-1/arranged-marriage/": {"t": "arranged-marriage", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/xiongnu/": {"t": "xiongnu", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/part-1/mandate-of-heaven/": {"t": "mandate-of-heaven", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/criminal-law-and-procedure/e/part-1/penal-labour/": {"t": "penal-labour", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-china/e/part-1/mount-li/": {"t": "Mount Li", "s": "Mountain of ancient legends, imperial tombs, and a pivotal 1936 kidnapping."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/part-1/capital-punishment/": {"t": "capital-punishment", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/e/part-1/son-of-heaven/": {"t": "son-of-heaven", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/part-1/qin-state/": {"t": "qin-state", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/part-1/qi-state/": {"t": "qi-state", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/e/part-1/jiujiang/": {"t": "jiujiang", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/part-1/legalism-chinese-philosophy/": {"t": "Legalism (Chinese philosophy)", "s": "Legalists emphasized law, merit, and agriculture over virtue."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/part-1/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "tang-dynasty", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/sui-dynasty/": {"t": "Sui dynasty", "s": "Brief dynasty that reunified China and shaped the Tang golden age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/part-1/sui-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sui dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/part-1/imperial-examination/": {"t": "imperial-examination", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/part-1/korean-peninsula/": {"t": "Korean Peninsula", "s": "Divided peninsula with ancient kingdoms and modern global influence."}, "/e/ancient-empires-rulers/emperor-xuanzong-of-tang/": {"t": "Emperor Xuanzong of Tang", "s": "Tang emperor whose 44-year reign saw golden age and catastrophic decline."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-medieval-military-leaders/e/part-1/li-jing-tang-dynasty/": {"t": "li-jing-tang-dynasty", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/part-1/eastern-turkic-khaganate/": {"t": "Eastern Turkic Khaganate", "s": "Eastern successor of the splintered First Turkic Khaganate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/img/part-1/eastern-turkic-khaganate.webp", "c": "Türk-Genci8 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/part-1/rationalism/": {"t": "Rationalism", "s": "Epistemological view that reason is the chief source of knowledge."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/part-1/superstition/": {"t": "superstition", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/part-1/emperor-yang-of-sui/": {"t": "emperor-yang-of-sui", "s": ""}, "/e/ancient-empires-rulers/emperor-wen-of-sui/": {"t": "Emperor Wen of Sui", "s": "Founding emperor who reunified China and began the Grand Canal."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/part-1/yellow-river/": {"t": "Yellow River", "s": "Cradle of Chinese civilization, source of devastating floods.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/part-1/yellow-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yellow River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/part-1/g-kt-rks/": {"t": "Göktürks", "s": "Celestial Turks of the First Turkic Khaganate", "i": "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/img/part-1/g-kt-rks.webp", "c": "Hardcore-Mike · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/nanjing/": {"t": "nanjing", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/bruce-lee/e/places/taoism/": {"t": "Taoism", "s": "Be like water: the ultimate path to fluidity and formless combat."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/feudalism/": {"t": "feudalism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/part-1/emperor-gaozong-of-tang/": {"t": "emperor-gaozong-of-tang", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-imperial-china/e/part-1/heqin/": {"t": "heqin", "s": ""}, 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"https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/patrician-ancient-rome/": {"t": "patrician-ancient-rome", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/part-1/coup-d-tat/": {"t": "Coup d'état", "s": "Illegal seizure of power by military or elites."}, "https://codexery.com/archery/e/part-1/mounted-archery/": {"t": "mounted-archery", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/part-1/jin-dynasty-266-420/": {"t": "jin-dynasty-266-420", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/e/part-1/grand-canal-china/": {"t": "grand-canal-china", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/part-1/emperor-wu-of-northern-zhou/": {"t": "emperor-wu-of-northern-zhou", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/part-1/liu-song-dynasty/": {"t": "liu-song-dynasty", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/part-1/northern-wei/": {"t": "northern-wei", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/part-1/qujing/": {"t": "qujing", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/sinosphere/": {"t": "Sinosphere", "s": "A historical cultural sphere shaped by Chinese influence in East Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-conquistadors/e/part-1/zhang-qian/": {"t": "zhang-qian", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historic-and-sacred-architecture/e/part-1/mogao-caves/": {"t": "mogao-caves", "s": ""}, "/e/ancient-empires-rulers/emperor-gaozu-of-han/": {"t": "Emperor Gaozu of Han", "s": "Founder of the Han dynasty, born a peasant, who rose from rebel to emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/part-1/emperor-yingzong-of-ming/": {"t": "emperor-yingzong-of-ming", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/sima-qian/": {"t": "Sima Qian", "s": "Father of Chinese historiography who endured castration to complete the Shiji."}, "https://codexery.com/eastern-religions-and-philosophies/e/part-1/wu-wei/": {"t": "wu-wei", "s": ""}, 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"the-taiping-rebellion", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/smallpox/": {"t": "smallpox", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/part-1/stroke/": {"t": "Stroke", "s": "A medical emergency caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/part-1/sino-french-war/": {"t": "sino-french-war", "s": ""}, "/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "https://codexery.com/wealthy-misfortunes/e/part-1/jakob-fugger/": {"t": "Jakob Fugger", "s": "German merchant and banker who financed Habsburg emperors."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/e/part-1/alcal-de-henares/": {"t": "Alcalá de Henares", "s": "Spanish municipality with a UNESCO-listed historic centre and historic university."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/part-1/castile-and-le-n/": {"t": "Castile and León", "s": "Largest autonomous community in Spain, with a de facto capital in Valladolid."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/part-1/spanish-empire/": {"t": "spanish-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/protestant-reformers-pastors/e/part-1/menno-simons/": {"t": "Menno Simons", "s": "Former Catholic priest who became a leading Anabaptist reformer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/protestant-reformers-pastors/img/part-1/menno-simons.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Menno Simons · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-calvin/": {"t": "John Calvin", "s": "French theologian and reformer who developed Calvinism."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/huldrych-zwingli/": {"t": "Huldrych Zwingli", "s": "Swiss theologian and leader of the Reformation in Switzerland."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/part-1/republic-of-venice/": {"t": "Republic of Venice", "s": "A maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a millennium."}}