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to the Arabian Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/part-1/indus-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Indus River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/punjab/": {"t": "punjab", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/part-1/sindh/": {"t": "Sindh", "s": "Sindh is a Pakistani province, cradle of the Indus Valley Civilisation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/part-1/sindh.webp", "c": "Baba66 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/part-1/economic-system/": {"t": "economic-system", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/gujarat/": {"t": "gujarat", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/desert-landscapes/e/part-1/thar-desert/": {"t": "thar-desert", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/part-1/sumer/": {"t": "sumer", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/part-1/oligarchy/": {"t": "oligarchy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/gemstones/e/part-1/lapis-lazuli/": {"t": "lapis-lazuli", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/tuberculosis/": {"t": "tuberculosis", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/karnataka/": {"t": "karnataka", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/dravidian-languages/": {"t": "dravidian-languages", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/part-1/indus-script/": {"t": "Indus script", "s": "Undeciphered script of the Indus Valley Civilisation."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/tamil-nadu/": {"t": "tamil-nadu", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/part-1/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/part-1/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/part-1/the-hittites/": {"t": "The Hittites", "s": "Anatolian Indo-European people of the Bronze Age Hittite 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"Largest Greek island, centre of Minoan civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/part-1/neolithic/": {"t": "neolithic", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/part-1/the-minoans/": {"t": "The Minoans", "s": "Bronze Age civilization on Crete, first in Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/part-1/the-minotaur/": {"t": "the-minotaur", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/part-1/zeus/": {"t": "zeus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/e/part-1/europa-consort-of-zeus/": {"t": "Europa (consort of Zeus)", "s": "Phoenician princess abducted by Zeus, mother of Minos.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/img/part-1/europa-consort-of-zeus.webp", "c": "Wikifrits · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/roman-empire/": {"t": "roman-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/part-1/river-thames/": {"t": "River Thames", "s": "Longest river entirely in England, flowing through London."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/boudica/": {"t": "Boudica", "s": "Queen of the Iceni who led a failed revolt against Rome."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hadrian/": {"t": "Hadrian", "s": "Roman emperor from 117 to 138, builder of Hadrian's Wall and a promoter of philhellenism."}, "https://codexery.com/fringe-figures-and-pseudoscience/e/part-1/geoffrey-of-monmouth/": {"t": "geoffrey-of-monmouth", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/origin-myths/e/part-1/origin-myth/": {"t": "Origin myth", "s": "Narratives explaining how aspects of the world began."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/part-1/isis/": {"t": "isis", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/part-1/essex/": {"t": "Essex", "s": "Ceremonial county in South East England with ancient woodland and long coastline."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/julius-caesar/": {"t": "Julius Caesar", "s": "Roman general, dictator, and 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{"t": "ptolemaic-kingdom", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "hellenistic-period", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/pharaoh/": {"t": "pharaoh", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-egyptian-pharaohs/e/part-1/menes/": {"t": "menes", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/part-1/old-kingdom-of-egypt/": {"t": "old-kingdom-of-egypt", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/part-1/ptah/": {"t": "ptah", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/ancient-egyptian-religion/": {"t": "Ancient Egyptian religion", "s": "Polytheistic system centered on divine pharaohs and the afterlife.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/part-1/ancient-egyptian-religion.webp", "c": "Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/part-1/egyptian-language/": {"t": "Egyptian language", "s": "An extinct Afro-Asiatic 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{"t": "giza", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/part-1/ancient-greek-philosophy/": {"t": "Ancient Greek philosophy", "s": "Ancient Greek philosophy shaped Western thought from its 6th century BCE origins."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/anaximander/": {"t": "Anaximander", "s": "Pre-Socratic philosopher who introduced the apeiron and advanced early science."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/part-1/anaximenes-of-miletus/": {"t": "anaximenes-of-miletus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/part-1/apollo/": {"t": "apollo", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/achaemenid-empire/": {"t": "achaemenid-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/part-1/grazing/": {"t": "grazing", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/part-1/karst/": {"t": "karst", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/part-1/rift-valley/": {"t": "rift-valley", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/part-1/topography/": {"t": "Topography", "s": "Study of land surface forms and features."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/part-1/escarpment/": {"t": "escarpment", "s": ""}, "/e/ancient-cities/knossos/": {"t": "Knossos", "s": "Largest centre of Minoan civilisation and oldest city in Europe."}, "/e/ancient-cities/mycenae/": {"t": "Mycenae", "s": "Major centre of Mycenaean civilization in the second millennium BC."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/part-1/the-mycenaeans/": {"t": "The Mycenaeans", "s": "First advanced Greek civilization of the Bronze Age."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/homer/": {"t": "Homer", "s": "Ancient Greek poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/part-1/the-trojan-war/": {"t": "the-trojan-war", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/part-1/the-sea-peoples/": {"t": "The Sea Peoples", "s": "The Sea Peoples were a confederation of tribes that attacked Egypt and other areas around the eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age, roughly 1200 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/part-1/aphrodite/": {"t": "aphrodite", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/part-1/sindhi-language/": {"t": "sindhi-language", "s": ""}, "/e/ancient-cities/harappa/": {"t": "Harappa", "s": "Type site of the Indus Valley Civilisation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/img/ancient-cities/harappa.webp", "c": "満月のライオン · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-inventions/e/part-1/grid-plan/": {"t": "grid-plan", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/part-1/hectare/": {"t": "Hectare", "s": "A non-SI metric unit of area equal to 10,000 square metres, primarily used for land measurement."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/part-1/hypocaust/": {"t": "hypocaust", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/part-1/weighing-scale/": {"t": "weighing-scale", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/part-1/partition-of-india/": {"t": "partition-of-india", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/sculpture/e/part-1/dancing-girl-prehistoric-sculpture/": {"t": "Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)", "s": "Bronze statuette from Mohenjo-daro, c. 2300–1750 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/daft-punk/e/places/paris/": {"t": "Paris", "s": "A neon-drenched metropolis where human creativity sparks the fire of robotic evolution."}, "/e/ancient-cities/miletus/": {"t": "Miletus", "s": "Ancient Greek city on the coast of Anatolia, cradle of philosophy and maritime power."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/macedonia-ancient-kingdom/": {"t": "macedonia-ancient-kingdom", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/part-1/macedonia-greece/": {"t": "Macedonia (Greece)", "s": "Largest Greek region, ancient kingdom of Alexander the Great."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/pashto/": {"t": "pashto", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/german-language/": {"t": "german-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/xerxes-i/": {"t": "Xerxes I", "s": "Fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, invader of Greece."}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/part-1/zeuxis-painter/": {"t": "Zeuxis (painter)", "s": "Late 5th-century BCE Greek painter famed for realistic illusion."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/euripides/": {"t": "Euripides", "s": "The most tragic of poets"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/the-bacchae/": {"t": "The Bacchae", "s": "Euripides' posthumous tragedy about Dionysus' revenge on Thebes."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/xenophon/": {"t": "Xenophon", "s": "Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian of the Ten Thousand"}, "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/e/part-1/aratus/": {"t": "Aratus", "s": "Greek didactic poet known for his astronomical poem Phenomena.", "i": "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/img/part-1/aratus.webp", "c": "NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/polybius/": {"t": "Polybius", "s": "Ancient Greek historian of the middle Hellenistic period, author of The Histories"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/livy/": {"t": "Livy", "s": "Roman historian who wrote Ab Urbe Condita, a monumental history of Rome from its founding through the reign of Augustus."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/part-1/macedonian-wars/": {"t": "Macedonian Wars", "s": "Series of conflicts that extended Roman hegemony into the Greek east."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/cicero/": {"t": "Cicero", "s": "Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher who shaped Latin rhetoric and thought."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustus/": {"t": "Augustus", "s": "Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor."}, "/e/ancient-cities/philippi/": {"t": "Philippi", "s": "Ancient Macedonian city, Roman colony, and early Christian site."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/part-1/lead/": {"t": "lead", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/part-1/dionysus/": {"t": "dionysus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/persian-language/": {"t": "persian-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/part-1/volga/": {"t": "Volga", "s": "Europe's longest river, flowing through Russia into the Caspian Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-conquistadors/e/part-1/william-of-rubruck/": {"t": "william-of-rubruck", "s": ""}, "/e/ancient-cities/karakorum/": {"t": "Karakorum", "s": "Ancient capital of the Mongol Empire", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/img/ancient-cities/karakorum.webp", "c": "The British Library · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/russian-orthodox-church/": {"t": "Russian Orthodox Church", "s": "Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church tracing origins to 988."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/part-1/ilkhanate/": {"t": "Ilkhanate", "s": "Mongol khanate ruling Iran and West Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/img/part-1/ilkhanate.webp", "c": "Ali Zifan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/caspian-sea/": {"t": "Caspian Sea", "s": "The world's largest inland body of water, a brackish sea between Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/part-1/astrakhan/": {"t": "Astrakhan", "s": "The southernmost outpost of Russia and the Caspian capital."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/volgograd/": {"t": "volgograd", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/part-1/ibn-battuta/": {"t": "ibn-battuta", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/damascus/": {"t": "Damascus", "s": "The oldest capital city in the world, nestled at the foothills of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/part-1/distributary/": {"t": "distributary", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/desert-landscapes/e/part-1/sahara/": {"t": "sahara", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/middle-ages/": {"t": "middle-ages", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/part-1/al-masudi/": {"t": "al-masudi", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/caliphate/": {"t": "caliphate", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-rulers-of-africa-and-the-near-ea/e/part-1/abd-allah-al-mahdi-billah/": {"t": "abd-allah-al-mahdi-billah", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/part-1/ismailism/": {"t": "ismailism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/shia-islam/": {"t": "shia-islam", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/quanzhou/": {"t": "quanzhou", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/aegean-sea/": {"t": "Aegean Sea", "s": "A historically important sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/aegean-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aegean Sea · see source"}, "/e/ancient-cities/pergamon/": {"t": "Pergamon", 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