{"/e/amateur-astronomy/astronomy-magazine/": {"t": "Astronomy (magazine)", "s": "The largest circulation magazine for amateur astronomers."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/telescope/": {"t": "Telescope", "s": "Observing the universe across the electromagnetic spectrum", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/telescope.webp", "c": "Pelligton · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/asteroid/": {"t": "Asteroid", "s": "Rocky, metallic, or icy minor planets orbiting the Sun, mostly in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/comet/": {"t": "Comet", "s": "Icy wanderers that bloom when near the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/nova/": {"t": "Nova", "s": "A stellar explosion on a white dwarf in a binary system."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/optical-telescope/": {"t": "Optical telescope", "s": "Instrument that gathers visible light to magnify distant objects.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/optical-telescope.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from Greenbelt, MD, USA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/meteor-showers/e/meteor-showers/meteor-shower/": {"t": "Meteor shower", "s": "Meteor showers are celestial events caused by debris entering Earth's atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/star-cluster/": {"t": "Star cluster", "s": "Groups of stars sharing origin, held by gravity."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/astrophotography/": {"t": "Astrophotography", "s": "Astrophotography records celestial objects using long exposures and specialized equipment."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-spectrum/": {"t": "Electromagnetic spectrum", "s": "The full range of electromagnetic radiation, from radio to gamma rays."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/visible-spectrum/": {"t": "Visible spectrum", "s": "The range of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/radio-astronomy/": {"t": "Radio astronomy", "s": "Passive observation of celestial objects using radio waves.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/img/astrophotography/radio-astronomy.webp", "c": "Maksym Kozlenko · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio-people/e/amateur-radio-people/grote-reber/": {"t": "Grote Reber", "s": "Amateur radio operator who built the first parabolic radio telescope."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/radio-telescope/": {"t": "Radio telescope", "s": "Detecting the invisible universe through radio waves.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/radio-telescope.webp", "c": "Photograph by Mike Peel ( www.mikepeel.net ). · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/radio-frequency/": {"t": "Radio frequency", "s": "Oscillation rate enabling radio wave radiation and technology."}, "/e/amateur-astronomy/amateur-astronomy/": {"t": "Amateur astronomy", "s": "Amateur astronomers observe celestial objects for passion, education, and citizen science."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/scientific-american/": {"t": "Scientific American", "s": "Oldest continuously published U.S. magazine."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/george-ellery-hale/": {"t": "George Ellery Hale", "s": "Astrophysicist who discovered magnetic fields in sunspots and built major observatories.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/george-ellery-hale.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: George Ellery Hale · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/mars/": {"t": "Mars", "s": "The fourth planet from the Sun, a desert world with polar ice caps."}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/paris-observatory/": {"t": "Paris Observatory", "s": "World's oldest active observatory, cornerstone of French astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/astronomical-seeing/": {"t": "Astronomical seeing", "s": "Atmospheric turbulence blurs astronomical images, limiting telescope resolution."}, "https://codexery.com/weapon-designers/e/weapon-designers/alan-bond-engineer/": {"t": "Alan Bond (engineer)", "s": "British engineer behind Skylon and SABRE rocket engines.", "i": "https://codexery.com/weapon-designers/img/weapon-designers/alan-bond-engineer.webp", "c": "Department of Homeland Security. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Public Aff · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/sky-brightness/": {"t": "Sky brightness", "s": "The measure of the sky's scattered and diffused light, from day to darkest night."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/milky-way/": {"t": "Milky Way", "s": "The barred spiral galaxy containing the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-object/": {"t": "Messier object", "s": "A famous catalogue of deep-sky objects compiled by Charles Messier."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/zodiacal-light/": {"t": "Zodiacal light", "s": "A faint glow of sunlight scattered by interplanetary dust."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-washington-post/": {"t": "The Washington Post", "s": "American daily newspaper and newspaper of record."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/triangulum-galaxy/": {"t": "Triangulum Galaxy", "s": "A spiral galaxy and third-largest member of the Local Group."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania/": {"t": "Pennsylvania", "s": "The Keystone State", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania.webp", "c": "Simtropolitan, Jean-Pierre Demailly (old version)\npermission=\n\n\n\nInsignia\n\nThis image shows a flag, a coat of arms, a seal or some other official insignia. The  · via Wikipedia: Pennsylvania · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/trees-and-forest-species/e/trees-and-forest-species/prunus-serotina/": {"t": "Prunus serotina", "s": "A New World tree valued for timber and fruit."}, "https://codexery.com/motor-sports/e/motor-sports/mountain-biking/": {"t": "Mountain biking", "s": "Off-road cycling sport using specially designed mountain bikes."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/paleo-indians/": {"t": "Paleo-Indians", "s": "First peoples of the Americas during the Late Pleistocene.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/paleo-indians.webp", "c": "NPS · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/nomad/": {"t": "Nomad", "s": "Mobile communities moving for food, pasture, or trade."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/drainage-basin/": {"t": "Drainage basin", "s": "A land area where surface water converges to a single outlet."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/french-and-indian-war/": {"t": "French and Indian War", "s": "North American conflict between Britain and France for colonial dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war/": {"t": "American Revolutionary War", "s": "Armed conflict that secured American independence from British rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/conifers/e/conifers/tsuga-canadensis/": {"t": "Tsuga canadensis", "s": "Long-lived conifer threatened by invasive adelgid."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution/": {"t": "American Revolution", "s": "Political movement that created the sovereign United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: American Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/whisky/e/world-of-whisky/the-angels-share/": {"t": "The angels' share", "s": "Evaporative loss of alcohol and water from aging barrels."}, "https://codexery.com/lumberjack-sports/e/lumberjack-sports/lumberjack/": {"t": "Lumberjack", "s": "Historical North American logging workers known for strength and danger."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/president-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "President of the United States", "s": "Head of state and government of the United States."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/weather-forecasting/": {"t": "Weather forecasting", "s": "Predicting the atmosphere: from ancient lore to modern science."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/e/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/turbulence/": {"t": "Turbulence", "s": "Chaotic fluid motion with vortices, mixing, and unresolved physics."}, "https://codexery.com/atmosphere/e/atmosphere/atmosphere/": {"t": "Atmosphere", "s": "A layer of gases enveloping an astronomical object, retained by gravity."}, "/e/amateur-astronomy/c-2018-v1-machholz-fujikawa-iwamoto/": {"t": "C/2018 V1 (Machholz–Fujikawa–Iwamoto)", "s": "A comet with a probable extrasolar origin, now escaping the Solar System."}, "/e/amateur-astronomy/c-2023-p1-nishimura/": {"t": "C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)", "s": "Long-period comet discovered by Hideo Nishimura in August 2023."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-astronomical-union/": {"t": "International Astronomical Union", "s": "Global authority for astronomical naming and cooperation."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-hubble-space-telescope/": {"t": "The Hubble Space Telescope", "s": "A versatile space telescope observing ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies/e/galaxies/galaxy-zoo/": {"t": "Galaxy Zoo", "s": "Citizen science project classifying galaxies with public help."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/black-hole/": {"t": "Black hole", "s": "An astronomical body from which nothing, not even light, can escape.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/black-hole.webp", "c": "Event Horizon Telescope, uploader cropped and converted TIF to JPG · via Wikipedia: Black hole · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/active-galactic-nucleus/": {"t": "Active galactic nucleus", "s": "Compact region at a galaxy's center emitting non-stellar radiation, powered by accretion onto a supermassive black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-radio-sources/e/astronomical-radio-sources/radio-galaxy/": {"t": "Radio galaxy", "s": "Galaxies with giant radio lobes powered by jets from active nuclei."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/barred-spiral-galaxy/": {"t": "Barred spiral galaxy", "s": "A spiral galaxy with a central bar of stars."}, "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2293/": {"t": "NGC 2293", "s": "A lenticular galaxy with a shared HI ring and Halloween-like appearance."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/elliptical-galaxy/": {"t": "Elliptical galaxy", "s": "Elliptical galaxies are smooth, ellipsoidal galaxies with old stars."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/spiral-galaxy/": {"t": "Spiral galaxy", "s": "Spiral galaxies feature rotating disks, arms, and often a central bar."}, "/e/amateur-astronomy/american-association-of-variable-star-observers/": {"t": "American Association of Variable Star Observers", "s": "Coordinates amateur variable star observations for professional research."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/czechoslovakia/": {"t": "Czechoslovakia", "s": "A Central European nation that existed from 1918 to 1992, known for its democratic origins and peaceful dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/david-ben-gurion/": {"t": "David Ben-Gurion", "s": "Primary national founder and first prime minister of the State of Israel."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/hebrew-university-of-jerusalem/": {"t": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem", "s": "Second-oldest Israeli university, co-founded by Einstein and Weizmann.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/hebrew-university-of-jerusalem.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/six-day-war/": {"t": "Six-Day War", "s": "In June 1967, a brief but intense conflict broke out between Israel and a coalition of Arab states—chiefly Egypt, Syria, and Jordan—lasting from the 5th to the "}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/aesthetics/": {"t": "Aesthetics", "s": "Branch of philosophy studying beauty, art, and taste.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/img/philosophical-concepts/aesthetics.webp", "c": "Ewan-M · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/constellation/": {"t": "Constellation", "s": "Patterns in the sky that guide stories and navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/orion/": {"t": "Orion (constellation)", "s": "A winter constellation named after a hunter in Greek mythology."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/cumulus-cloud/": {"t": "Cumulus cloud", "s": "Puffy, flat-bottomed clouds that form via convection and can grow into storm clouds.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/cumulus-cloud.webp", "c": "Glg · CC BY-SA 2.0 de"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/geodesy/": {"t": "Geodesy", "s": "Science of measuring Earth's geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation."}, "https://codexery.com/satellite-navigation/e/satellite-navigation/satellite-navigation-device/": {"t": "Satellite navigation device", "s": "Device using GNSS satellites to determine geographic position and provide navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/android-operating-system/": {"t": "Android (operating system)", "s": "The world's most widely used operating system, powering billions of devices."}, "https://codexery.com/global-positioning-system/e/global-positioning-system/gps-week-number-rollover/": {"t": "GPS week number rollover", "s": "GPS week counter overflow resets every 19.6 years."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/astrology/e/astrology/ephemeris/": {"t": "Ephemeris", "s": "Tables of celestial positions used in astronomy and astrology."}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-athletics-venues/e/olympic-athletics-venues/montreal-botanical-garden/": {"t": "Montreal Botanical Garden", "s": "A 75-hectare botanical garden and National Historic Site of Canada.", "i": "https://codexery.com/olympic-athletics-venues/img/olympic-athletics-venues/montreal-botanical-garden.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Montreal Botanical Garden · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/astronauts-and-space-pioneers/e/astronauts-and-space-pioneers/anousheh-ansari/": {"t": "Anousheh Ansari", "s": "First female self-funded space tourist and CEO of XPRIZE Foundation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronauts-and-space-pioneers/img/astronauts-and-space-pioneers/anousheh-ansari.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Anousheh Ansari · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/dubai/": {"t": "Dubai", "s": "City of trade, tourism, and towering skylines on the Persian Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-marathon/": {"t": "Messier marathon", "s": "An all-night hunt for all 110 Messier objects."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/e/provinces-of-iran/semnan-province/": {"t": "Semnan province", "s": "Iranian province along the Alborz range, bordering the Kavir desert."}, "https://codexery.com/iranian-cities/e/iranian-cities/zahedan/": {"t": "Zahedan", "s": "City near Iran-Pakistan border, capital of Sistan and Baluchestan province."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/e/provinces-of-iran/fars-province/": {"t": "Fars province", "s": "Ancient Persian homeland, cradle of Achaemenid and Sasanian empires.", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/img/provinces-of-iran/fars-province.webp", "c": "Bryn Pinzgauer · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/persepolis/": {"t": "Persepolis", "s": "Persepolis served as the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire, which lasted from around 550 to 330 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/exoplanet/": {"t": "Exoplanet", "s": "An exoplanet, also called an extrasolar planet, is any planet that exists beyond our Solar System.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/exoplanet.webp", "c": "European Space Agency · CC BY-SA 3.0 igo"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/planetary-system/": {"t": "Planetary system", "s": "A star's family of orbiting worlds and debris."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-hercules/e/stars-of-hercules/14-herculis/": {"t": "14 Herculis", "s": "Orange dwarf with two confirmed exoplanets, one directly imaged."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/rack-and-pinion/": {"t": "Rack and pinion", "s": "A linear actuator converting rotational to linear motion."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "/e/amateur-astronomy/amateur-telescope-making/": {"t": "Amateur Telescope Making", "s": "Three books that launched the amateur telescope making movement."}, "https://codexery.com/telescope-types/e/telescope-types/dobsonian-telescope/": {"t": "Dobsonian telescope", "s": "A large-aperture Newtonian reflector on a simple altazimuth mount."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polytetrafluoroethylene/": {"t": "Polytetrafluoroethylene", "s": "Accidentally discovered fluoropolymer used widely for non-stick and chemical resistance."}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/ball-bearing/": {"t": "Ball bearing", "s": "A rolling-element bearing that reduces friction using balls between races."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/eyepiece/": {"t": "Eyepiece", "s": "Eyepieces magnify the image formed by an objective lens or mirror."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/computer-aided-design/": {"t": "Computer-aided design", "s": "Computer-aided design automates creation and modification of designs."}, "https://codexery.com/public-law/e/public-law/public-domain/": {"t": "Public domain", "s": "Creative works free from exclusive intellectual property rights.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-law/img/public-law/public-domain.webp", "c": "Democratic Party · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-inventions/e/canadian-inventions/finite-element-method/": {"t": "Finite element method", "s": "Numerical method for solving differential equations via finite elements."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/active-optics/": {"t": "Active optics", "s": "Technology that actively shapes telescope mirrors to prevent deformation."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/northamptonshire/": {"t": "Northamptonshire", "s": "The county of spires and squires"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/north-african-campaign/": {"t": "North African campaign", "s": "Allied and Axis forces fought for control of North Africa from 1940 to 1943."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/italian-campaign-world-war-ii/": {"t": "Italian campaign (World War II)", "s": "Allied campaign to liberate Italy from Axis control, 1943–1945."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae-2/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/hr-delphini/": {"t": "HR Delphini", "s": "A slow nova with a jittering light curve and a bipolar remnant nebula."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/light-curve/": {"t": "Light curve", "s": "Graph of celestial light intensity over time."}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/c-1983-h1-iras-araki-alcock/": {"t": "C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)", "s": "Long-period comet that made the closest Earth approach in 200 years."}, "https://codexery.com/science-and-technology/e/science-and-technology/meteorology/": {"t": "Meteorology", "s": "Study of Earth's atmosphere and weather forecasting."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/ornithology/": {"t": "Ornithology", "s": "Branch of zoology dedicated to the study of birds."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/antares/": {"t": "Antares", "s": "Red supergiant binary star, heart of Scorpius."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/science-communication/": {"t": "Science 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{"t": "The Fermi paradox", "s": "A paradox questioning the absence of extraterrestrial evidence."}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/social-issues/nobel-prize/": {"t": "Nobel Prize", "s": "Prestigious awards for the greatest benefit to humankind."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/enrico-fermi/": {"t": "Enrico Fermi", "s": "Architect of the nuclear age and the atomic bomb."}, "https://codexery.com/telescope-types/e/telescope-types/maksutov-telescope/": {"t": "Maksutov telescope", "s": "Catadioptric design using a meniscus corrector to correct aberrations."}, "https://codexery.com/pathology/e/pathology/pathology/": {"t": "Pathology", "s": "The study of disease, from ancient roots to modern medical practice."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/north-carolina/": {"t": "North Carolina", "s": "Southern state known for first flight and early independence call."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/art-nouveau/": {"t": 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"https://codexery.com/meteoroids/e/meteoroids/earth-grazing-fireball/": {"t": "Earth-grazing fireball", "s": "A meteor that enters and exits Earth's atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-period/": {"t": "Orbital period", "s": "Time for one full orbit around a primary body."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-eccentricity/": {"t": "Orbital eccentricity", "s": "Parameter measuring deviation of an orbit from a perfect circle."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/impact-event/": {"t": "Impact event", "s": "Collisions between astronomical objects that shape planets and life."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/mercury-planet/": {"t": "Mercury (planet)", "s": "Smallest planet and closest to the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-inclination/": {"t": "Orbital inclination", "s": "Angle measuring tilt of an orbit relative to a reference plane."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-resonance/": {"t": "Orbital resonance", "s": "Orbital resonance shapes planetary systems through periodic gravitational interactions."}, "https://codexery.com/missions-to-the-sun/e/missions-to-the-sun/solar-and-heliospheric-observatory/": {"t": "Solar and Heliospheric Observatory", "s": "ESA-NASA solar observatory that discovered over 5,000 comets."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/spectroscopy/": {"t": "Spectroscopy", "s": "Spectroscopy measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra interacting with matter."}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/c-1988-y1-yanaka/": {"t": "C/1988 Y1 (Yanaka)", "s": "Carbon- and cyanogen-depleted non-periodic comet discovered in 1988."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/crab-nebula/": {"t": "Crab Nebula", "s": "A supernova remnant and pulsar wind nebula in Taurus, linked to a supernova observed in AD 1054.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/crab-nebula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Crab Nebula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/lyra/": {"t": "Lyra", "s": "A small northern constellation representing the lyre of Orpheus, home to the brilliant star Vega and the Ring Nebula."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/oort-cloud/": {"t": "Oort cloud", "s": "Theorized reservoir of icy bodies at the Solar System's edge."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/aquila/": {"t": "Aquila", "s": "The Eagle constellation"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nitrogen/": {"t": "Nitrogen", "s": "Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless diatomic gas forming 78% of Earth's air."}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/institut-de-radioastronomie-millim-trique/": {"t": "Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique", "s": "Europe's leading center for millimeter-wave radio astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/formaldehyde/": {"t": "Formaldehyde", "s": "Simplest aldehyde, key industrial chemical, and atmospheric pollutant."}, "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/e/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrogen-sulfide/": {"t": "Hydrogen sulfide", "s": "Colorless, toxic gas with a rotten-egg odor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/img/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrogen-sulfide.webp", "c": "Jynto ( talk ) · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/people-associated-with-astronomical/e/people-associated-with-astronomical-catalogues/john-caister-bennett/": {"t": "John Caister Bennett", "s": "South African amateur astronomer and comet hunter."}, "https://codexery.com/comets/e/comets/great-comet/": {"t": "Great comet", "s": "A comet exceptionally bright and visible to the naked eye."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/pretoria/": {"t": "Pretoria", "s": "Executive capital of South Africa and the Jacaranda City."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/tucana/": {"t": "Tucana", "s": "A southern constellation featuring a bright globular cluster and the Small Magellanic Cloud."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/pegasus/": {"t": "Pegasus", "s": "Constellation of the winged horse from Greek mythology."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/cassiopeia/": {"t": "Cassiopeia", "s": "A northern constellation representing the queen of Ethiopia."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "/e/amateur-astronomy/c-1969-t1-tago-sato-kosaka/": {"t": "C/1969 T1 (Tago–Sato–Kosaka)", "s": "First comet observed by an artificial satellite, OAO-2."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/evaporation/": {"t": "Evaporation", "s": "Surface vaporization process driven by heat and molecular kinetics."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/photometer/": {"t": "Photometer", "s": "Instrument for measuring light quantities like luminous flux.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/photometer.webp", "c": "NASA Johnson Space Center · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/cyanide/": {"t": "Cyanide", "s": "A highly toxic compound used industrially and found in nature.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry/img/chemistry/cyanide.webp", "c": "NegativeZ · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/sodium/": {"t": "Sodium", "s": "Soft, reactive alkali metal essential for life."}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/apollo-12/": {"t": "Apollo 12", "s": "Second crewed Moon landing; precise landing near Surveyor 3.", "i": "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/img/successful-space-missions/apollo-12.webp", "c": "NASA / Buzz Aldrin · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/alfred-jensch-telescope/": {"t": "Alfred Jensch Telescope", "s": "Largest telescope in Germany and largest Schmidt camera worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/infrared/": {"t": "Infrared", "s": "Invisible electromagnetic radiation between visible light and microwaves."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmic-mysteries/e/cosmic-mysteries/oumuamua/": {"t": "Oumuamua", "s": "The first confirmed interstellar object to pass through the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/comets/e/comets/naming-of-comets/": {"t": "Naming of comets", "s": "Comets have been named by year, discoverer, and systematic codes."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/near-earth-object-surveillance-satellite/": {"t": "Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite", "s": "Canadian microsatellite searching for asteroids inside Earth's orbit."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-and-stochastic-processes/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/monte-carlo-method/": {"t": "Monte Carlo method", "s": "Computational algorithms using repeated random sampling for numerical results."}, "https://codexery.com/trans-neptunian-objects/e/trans-neptunian-objects/david-c-jewitt/": {"t": "David C. Jewitt", "s": "Co-discoverer of the first Kuiper belt object beyond Pluto."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/jane-luu/": {"t": "Jane Luu", "s": "Jane X.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/jane-luu.webp", "c": "Hsin-Jen Hsu · via Wikipedia: Jane Luu · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/c-2016-r2-panstarrs/": {"t": "C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS)", "s": "A carbon monoxide-rich comet with a blue coma and little water.", "i": "https://codexery.com/named-comets/img/named-comets/c-2016-r2-panstarrs.webp", "c": "N. Biver et al. (2018)/EDP Sciences · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/perseus/": {"t": "Perseus", "s": "The hero who beheaded Medusa and rescued Andromeda."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/scorpius/": {"t": "Scorpius", "s": "Zodiac constellation with bright stars and rich mythology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/scorpius.webp", "c": "Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/nasa-space-probes/e/nasa-space-probes/international-ultraviolet-explorer/": {"t": "International Ultraviolet Explorer", "s": "First space observatory for real-time ultraviolet spectroscopy."}, "https://codexery.com/meteor-showers/e/meteor-showers/radiant-meteor-shower/": {"t": "Radiant (meteor shower)", "s": "The vanishing point of parallel meteor paths in the sky."}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/c-2002-t7-linear/": {"t": "C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)", "s": "Hyperbolic comet discovered by LINEAR, brightened to magnitude 2.2."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/dwarf-spheroidal-galaxy/": {"t": "Dwarf spheroidal galaxy", "s": "Small, dark-matter-dominated galaxies with old stars and little gas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/img/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/dwarf-spheroidal-galaxy.webp", "c": "Science NASA, ESA, Eduardo Vitral (STScI), Roeland van der Marel (STScI), Sangmo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/andromeda/": {"t": "Andromeda", "s": "Andromeda: a princess, a constellation, and a galaxy."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/light-year/": {"t": "Light-year", "s": "A unit of distance, not time, used for astronomical scales."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/satellite-galaxy/": {"t": "Satellite galaxy", "s": "Smaller galaxies bound to larger hosts, key to cosmology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/satellite-galaxy.webp", "c": "Original:  AndrewRT Vector:  Slashme · via Wikipedia: Satellite galaxy · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/lenticular-galaxy/": {"t": "Lenticular galaxy", "s": "Intermediate galaxy type with disk and bulge, lacking spiral arms."}, "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/e/ngc-objects/ngc-404/": {"t": "NGC 404", "s": "A dwarf lenticular galaxy nicknamed Mirach's Ghost."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/parsec/": {"t": "Parsec", "s": "Unit of distance defined by one arcsecond of parallax.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/parsec.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Parsec · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/local-group/": {"t": "Local Group", "s": "Galaxy group containing the Milky Way and Andromeda."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/surface-brightness/": {"t": "Surface brightness", "s": "Surface brightness measures extended object visibility per angular area."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/irregular-galaxy/": {"t": "Irregular galaxy", "s": "Galaxies without a distinct regular shape, often chaotic in appearance."}, "https://codexery.com/british-science-fiction-television-shows/e/british-science-fiction-television-shows/red-dwarf/": {"t": "Red Dwarf", "s": "A British sci-fi comedy about the last human in space."}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-italy/e/national-parks-of-italy/pollino-national-park/": {"t": "Pollino National Park", "s": "Italy's largest national park, home to the oldest European tree."}, "https://codexery.com/internet-culture-and-platforms/e/internet-culture-and-platforms/facebook/": {"t": "Facebook", "s": "American social networking service owned by Meta Platforms."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/heidelberg-university/": {"t": "Heidelberg University", "s": "Germany's oldest university, founded in 1386.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/heidelberg-university.webp", "c": "Max Adamo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/dutch-language/": {"t": "Dutch language", "s": "A West Germanic language spoken by millions across Europe, the Americas, and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/dutch-people/": {"t": "Dutch people", "s": "Ethnic group native to the Netherlands, with global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-evolution/": {"t": "Stellar evolution", "s": "Stars evolve from gas clouds to white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/hypothesis/": {"t": "Hypothesis", "s": "A proposed explanation requiring testable and reproducible prediction."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/time-domain-astronomy/": {"t": "Time-domain astronomy", "s": "Study of how astronomical objects change with time."}, "https://codexery.com/english-folklore/e/english-folklore/merlin/": {"t": "Merlin", "s": "Mythical prophet and magician in Arthurian legend."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/supermassive-black-hole/": {"t": "Supermassive black hole", "s": "Supermassive black holes anchor the centers of most large galaxies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/supermassive-black-hole.webp", "c": "Event Horizon Telescope · via Wikipedia: Supermassive black hole · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/astrophysical-jet/": {"t": "Astrophysical jet", "s": "Bipolar streams of ionised matter expelled at high velocity."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-lenticular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-lenticular-galaxies/ngc-7252/": {"t": "NGC 7252", "s": "A merging galaxy with loop-like structure resembling an atomic diagram."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/bta-6/": {"t": "BTA-6", "s": "World's largest telescope from 1975 to 1990, pioneering altazimuth mount."}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/special-astrophysical-observatory-of-the-russian-academy-of-science/": {"t": "Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science", "s": "Russian observatory with the BTA-6 optical and RATAN-600 radio telescopes."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/atacama-large-millimeter-array/": {"t": "Atacama Large Millimeter Array", "s": "66-antenna interferometer observing millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths."}, "https://codexery.com/quasars-and-galaxy-clusters/e/quasars-and-galaxy-clusters/teacup-galaxy/": {"t": "Teacup galaxy", "s": "A type 2 quasar with a teacup-shaped ionized gas loop."}, "https://codexery.com/space-telescopes/e/space-telescopes/chandra-x-ray-observatory/": {"t": "Chandra X-ray Observatory", "s": "Flagship X-ray telescope launched in 1999, still operating."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-lenticular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-lenticular-galaxies/ngc-5252/": {"t": "NGC 5252", "s": "Lenticular galaxy with an active nucleus and quasar relic."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/gravity/": {"t": "Gravity", "s": "Gravity is the fundamental attraction between objects with mass.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/gravity.webp", "c": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Nicoguaro · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/giant-planet/": {"t": "Giant planet", "s": "A massive planet composed mainly of volatiles, not solid matter."}, "https://codexery.com/missions-to-the-sun/e/missions-to-the-sun/ulysses-spacecraft/": {"t": "Ulysses (spacecraft)", "s": "Solar probe that studied the Sun from all latitudes."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/kagoshima-prefecture/": {"t": "Kagoshima Prefecture", "s": "Gateway to the southern islands and home of Sakurajima.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/img/prefectures-of-japan/kagoshima-prefecture.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kagoshima Prefecture · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/northern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Northern Hemisphere", "s": "The Northern Hemisphere contains most of the world's continents and major landmasses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/northern-hemisphere.webp", "c": "Sean Baker ( Marvin01 | talk ) · via Wikipedia: Northern Hemisphere · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/latitude/": {"t": "Latitude", "s": "Latitude specifies north-south position on Earth or celestial bodies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/latitude.webp", "c": "source: Pearson Scott Foresman, donated to the Wikimedia Foundation\nsvg conversion: Gregors\nColor: Jahobr · via Wikipedia: Latitude · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/satellites/e/satellites/satellite/": {"t": "Satellite", "s": "Artificial objects placed into orbit around a celestial body."}, "https://codexery.com/solar-phenomena/e/solar-phenomena/coronal-mass-ejection/": {"t": "Coronal mass ejection", "s": "A massive ejection of solar plasma into space."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-planet/e/types-of-planet/gas-giant/": {"t": "Gas giant", "s": "Giant planets composed mainly of hydrogen and helium."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/proton/": {"t": "Proton", "s": "Proton: stable subatomic particle, building block of atomic nuclei."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/ecliptic/": {"t": "Ecliptic", "s": "Apparent path of the Sun on the celestial sphere.", "i": "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/img/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/ecliptic.webp", "c": "S.fonsi · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/great-comet-of-1843/": {"t": "Great Comet of 1843", "s": "A Kreutz sungrazer that passed extremely close to the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/alphard/": {"t": "Alphard", "s": "Brightest star in Hydra, known as 'the solitary one.'"}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/great-comet-of-1882/": {"t": "Great Comet of 1882", "s": "A brilliant Kreutz sungrazer visible in daylight at perihelion."}, "https://codexery.com/solar-telescopes/e/solar-telescopes/mcmath-pierce-solar-telescope/": {"t": "McMath–Pierce solar telescope", "s": "World's largest solar telescope and unobstructed aperture optical telescope."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/manganese/": {"t": "Manganese", "s": "Hard, brittle metal essential in alloys and human nutrition."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nickel/": {"t": "Nickel", "s": "Silvery-white metal, ferromagnetic, key to stainless steel and batteries."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/vanadium/": {"t": "Vanadium", "s": "The colorful transition metal named after a Norse goddess."}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/haute-provence-observatory/": {"t": "Haute-Provence Observatory", "s": "French national observatory where the first exoplanet was discovered."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Harvard University · via Wikipedia: Harvard University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/radio-wave/": {"t": "Radio wave", "s": "Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies."}, "https://codexery.com/airliners/e/airliners/boeing-707/": {"t": "Boeing 707", "s": "First widespread jetliner, credited with beginning the Jet Age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/airliners/img/airliners/boeing-707.webp", "c": "JQ OFFICIAL · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/gemini-6a/": {"t": "Gemini 6A", "s": "First crewed rendezvous in space, with Gemini 7."}, "https://codexery.com/project-gemini/e/project-gemini/agena-target-vehicle/": {"t": "Agena target vehicle", "s": "Uncrewed target spacecraft for Gemini rendezvous and docking practice."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-hydra/e/stars-of-hydra/pi-hydrae/": {"t": "Pi Hydrae", "s": "A K-type giant star in Hydra, visible to the naked eye."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/octans/": {"t": "Octans", "s": "A faint southern constellation housing the south celestial pole.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/octans.webp", "c": "Octans · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/amateur-astronomy/c-1963-a1-ikeya/": {"t": "C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)", "s": "Long-period comet discovered by a 19-year-old amateur astronomer."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/taurus/": {"t": "Taurus (constellation)", "s": "An ancient zodiac constellation featuring the Pleiades and the Crab Nebula."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/hyades-star-cluster/": {"t": "Hyades (star cluster)", "s": "Nearest open cluster, key rung on the cosmic distance ladder."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-orion/e/stars-of-orion/rigel/": {"t": "Rigel", "s": "Blue supergiant and brightest star in Orion."}, "https://codexery.com/meteor-showers/e/meteor-showers/perseids/": {"t": "Perseids", "s": "Prolific meteor shower from comet Swift–Tuttle, visible mid-July to late August."}, "/e/amateur-astronomy/comet-hyakutake/": {"t": "Comet Hyakutake", "s": "Great Comet of 1996 with a record-length tail."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/methanol/": {"t": "Methanol", "s": "Simplest alcohol, key industrial chemical, and space marker."}, "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/e/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrogen-cyanide/": {"t": "Hydrogen cyanide", "s": "A highly toxic, flammable liquid and key industrial precursor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/img/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrogen-cyanide.webp", "c": "Apotashg · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/magnitude-astronomy/": {"t": "Magnitude (astronomy)", "s": "Logarithmic scale measuring stellar brightness, with lower values for brighter objects."}, "https://codexery.com/asteroids/e/asteroids/observation-arc/": {"t": "Observation arc", "s": "Time between earliest and latest observations of a Solar System body."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/vera-c-rubin-observatory/": {"t": "Vera C. Rubin Observatory", "s": "A wide-field telescope surveying the southern sky every few nights."}, "/e/amateur-astronomy/96p-machholz/": {"t": "96P/Machholz", "s": "A sunskirting comet with a possible extrasolar origin."}, "/e/amateur-astronomy/141p-machholz/": {"t": "141P/Machholz", "s": "A fragmented Jupiter-family comet with multiple observed components."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/pan-starrs/": {"t": "Pan-STARRS", "s": "Surveying the sky for moving or variable objects continually."}, "https://codexery.com/missions-to-the-sun/e/missions-to-the-sun/solar-orbiter/": {"t": "Solar Orbiter", "s": "ESA-NASA probe studying the Sun's poles and inner heliosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/missions-to-the-sun/e/missions-to-the-sun/stereo/": {"t": "STEREO", "s": "Two spacecraft providing stereoscopic views of the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/parker-solar-probe/": {"t": "Parker Solar Probe", "s": "First spacecraft to fly into the Sun's low corona.", "i": "https://codexery.com/space-missions/img/space-missions/parker-solar-probe.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Parker Solar Probe · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/eris-dwarf-planet/": {"t": "Eris (dwarf planet)", "s": "Dwarf planet whose discovery redefined the Solar System's planetary lineup.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/eris-dwarf-planet.webp", "c": "ESO/L. Calçada and Nick Risinger (skysurvey.org) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/e/exoplanets/the-kepler-space-telescope/": {"t": "The Kepler space telescope", "s": "NASA telescope that discovered thousands of exoplanets."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/circumbinary-planet/": {"t": "Circumbinary planet", "s": "A planet orbiting two stars, not just one."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/star-system/": {"t": "Star system", "s": "Gravitationally bound groups of stars, from binaries to complex multiples."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/neptune/": {"t": "Neptune", "s": "The only planet discovered through mathematical prediction, not direct observation."}, "https://codexery.com/earth/e/earth/earth-mass/": {"t": "Earth mass", "s": "A standard astronomical unit equal to the mass of Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/astrometric-binary/": {"t": "Astrometric binary", "s": "Some stars appear to circle an invisible point."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/e/astronomical-catalogues/2mass/": {"t": "2MASS", "s": "Infrared survey cataloging 300 million celestial objects.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/img/astronomical-catalogues/2mass.webp", "c": "Legacy Surveys / D.Lang (Perimeter Institute) & Meli thev · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-puppis/e/stars-of-puppis/zeta-puppis/": {"t": "Zeta Puppis", "s": "A hot blue supergiant and runaway star in Puppis."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/eridanus-constellation/": {"t": "Eridanus (constellation)", "s": "A sprawling river constellation in the southern sky."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/cetus-constellation/": {"t": "Cetus (constellation)", "s": "A water constellation home to the first known variable star."}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/c-1957-p1-mrkos/": {"t": "C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)", "s": "A great comet discovered in 1957 with two distinct tails.", "i": "https://codexery.com/named-comets/img/named-comets/c-1957-p1-mrkos.webp", "c": "Alan McClure · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/arecibo-observatory/": {"t": "Arecibo Observatory", "s": "Former world's largest single-aperture radio telescope, collapsed in 2020."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/aichi-prefecture/": {"t": "Aichi Prefecture", "s": "Aichi Prefecture is Japan's industrial heartland and home to Toyota.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/img/prefectures-of-japan/aichi-prefecture.webp", "c": "AichiWikiFixer · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/c-1961-t1-seki/": {"t": "C/1961 T1 (Seki)", "s": "Long-period comet parent of December ρ-Virginids meteor shower."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-surveys/e/astronomical-surveys/catalina-sky-survey/": {"t": "Catalina Sky Survey", "s": "Leading survey for near‑Earth objects and comets.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomical-surveys/img/astronomical-surveys/catalina-sky-survey.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Catalina Sky Survey · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/x-1882-k1-tewfik/": {"t": "X/1882 K1 (Tewfik)", "s": "A sungrazer spotted during the 1882 solar eclipse."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/circinus/": {"t": "Circinus", "s": "A faint southern constellation representing a drafting compass."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/epsilon-aurigae/": {"t": "Epsilon Aurigae", "s": "An eclipsing binary with a 27-year dimming cycle."}, "https://codexery.com/meteor-showers/e/meteor-showers/eta-aquariids/": {"t": "Eta Aquariids", "s": "Meteor shower from Halley's Comet, peaking around May 5."}}