{"https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/judaism/": {"t": "Judaism", "s": "An Abrahamic, monotheistic ethnic religion of the Jewish people."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/part-1/german-confederation/": {"t": "german-confederation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/part-1/shabbat/": {"t": "Shabbat", "s": "Judaism's weekly day of rest and spiritual contemplation."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/orthodox-judaism/": {"t": "Orthodox Judaism", "s": "The traditionalist branches of Judaism, holding the Written and Oral Torah as divinely revealed at Sinai.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/part-1/orthodox-judaism.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Orthodox Judaism · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/part-1/german-idealism/": {"t": "German idealism", "s": "A movement seeking to reconcile reason, freedom, and reality."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/part-1/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/part-1/martin-buber/": {"t": "Martin Buber", "s": "Philosopher of dialogue and cultural Zionist"}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/part-1/deism/": {"t": "Deism", "s": "The belief, based solely upon logic and observation, that a Supreme Being created the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/unitarianism/": {"t": "Unitarianism", "s": "Nontrinitarian Christian movement affirming the unitary nature of God."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/part-1/salvation/": {"t": "salvation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/religious/mordecai-kaplan/": {"t": "Mordecai Kaplan", "s": "Founder of Reconstructionist Judaism and architect of modern Jewish thought."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/part-1/confirmation/": {"t": "confirmation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/part-1/shavuot/": {"t": "Shavuot", "s": "Jewish harvest festival and commemoration of the giving of the Torah."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/aristocracy/": {"t": "aristocracy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/part-1/essenes/": {"t": "Essenes", "s": "A mystic Jewish sect during the Second Temple period."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/josephus/": {"t": "Josephus", "s": "Roman–Jewish historian and military leader, author of The Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/part-1/afterlife/": {"t": "afterlife", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-histories-and-epics/e/part-1/antiquities-of-the-jews/": {"t": "antiquities-of-the-jews", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "hellenistic-period", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/seleucid-empire/": {"t": "Seleucid Empire", "s": "Greek state in West Asia founded by Seleucus I Nicator in 312 BC, annexed by the Roman Republic in 63 BC.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/part-1/seleucid-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Seleucid Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/deified-male-monarchs/e/part-1/antiochus-iv-epiphanes/": {"t": "antiochus-iv-epiphanes", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-empires/e/part-1/maccabean-revolt/": {"t": "Maccabean Revolt", "s": "Jewish rebellion against Seleucid rule and Hellenization.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-empires/img/part-1/maccabean-revolt.webp", "c": "Effib · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/pompey/": {"t": "Pompey", "s": "Roman general and statesman, rival of Julius Caesar", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/pompey.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · via Wikipedia: Pompey · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/gospel/": {"t": "gospel", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/acts-of-the-apostles/": {"t": "acts-of-the-apostles", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/maimonides/": {"t": "Maimonides", "s": "Sephardic Jewish rabbi, philosopher, and physician of the Middle Ages"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/sunnah/": {"t": "Sunnah", "s": "Body of traditions and practices of Muhammad for Muslims."}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/taqlid/": {"t": "Taqlid", "s": "Islamic term for conformity to another's teaching."}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/part-1/islamic-world/": {"t": "islamic-world", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/prophets-and-messengers-in-islam/": {"t": "Prophets and messengers in Islam", "s": "Individuals believed to spread God's message and exemplify ideal human behaviour."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/quran/": {"t": "quran", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/part-1/ijma/": {"t": "ijma", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/fiqh/": {"t": "fiqh", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/part-1/imperialism/": {"t": "imperialism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-sages/e/part-1/jamal-al-din-al-afghani/": {"t": "jamal-al-din-al-afghani", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/muhammad-abduh/": {"t": "muhammad-abduh", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/sufism/": {"t": "sufism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/shia-islam/": {"t": "shia-islam", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/madhhab/": {"t": "Madhhab", "s": "Schools of Islamic jurisprudence"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/wahhabism/": {"t": "wahhabism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/part-1/islamic-studies/": {"t": "islamic-studies", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/ibn-taymiyya/": {"t": "ibn-taymiyya", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/part-1/rationalism/": {"t": "Rationalism", "s": "Epistemological view that reason is the chief source of knowledge."}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/ulama/": {"t": "Ulama", "s": "Guardians and interpreters of Islamic doctrine and law."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/arab-world/": {"t": "Arab world", "s": "A region of diverse peoples united by Arabic language and culture, spanning West Asia and North Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/part-1/arab-world.webp", "c": "Qbox673 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/jihad/": {"t": "Jihad", "s": "Islamic concept of striving in God's path, with spiritual and martial dimensions."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/part-1/arabian-peninsula/": {"t": "Arabian Peninsula", "s": "The world's largest peninsula, cradle of Islam, and a land of ancient trade and modern oil wealth."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/sunni-islam/": {"t": "sunni-islam", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/muhammad-ibn-abd-al-wahhab/": {"t": "Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab", "s": "Reformer and founder of the Wahhabi movement"}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/part-1/fatwa/": {"t": "fatwa", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/hadith/": {"t": "hadith", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/ibn-qayyim-al-jawziyya/": {"t": "ibn-qayyim-al-jawziyya", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/ibn-hazm/": {"t": "ibn-hazm", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/kutub-al-sittah/": {"t": "Kutub al-Sittah", "s": "Six canonical hadith collections of Sunni Islam."}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/tawhid/": {"t": "Tawhid", "s": "Islam's core principle of absolute divine oneness."}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/part-1/historian/": {"t": "historian", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/sharia/": {"t": "sharia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/part-1/political-science/": {"t": "political-science", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/western-world/": {"t": "Western world", "s": "An evolving cultural, political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/surah/": {"t": "Surah", "s": "Chapters of the Quran, classified by revelation period and length."}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/part-1/istihsan/": {"t": "istihsan", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/part-1/horn-of-africa/": {"t": "Horn of Africa", "s": "A strategically vital peninsula and cultural crossroads in eastern Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/kerala/": {"t": "kerala", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-federal-subjects/e/part-1/dagestan/": {"t": "Dagestan", "s": "Land of the Mountains"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-federal-subjects/e/part-1/ingushetia/": {"t": "Ingushetia", "s": "The smallest republic of Russia, home to the Ingush people, with a complex history and the highest life expectancy in the country."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/qiyas/": {"t": "Qiyas", "s": "Deductive analogy in Islamic jurisprudence."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/part-1/malik-ibn-anas/": {"t": "Malik ibn Anas", "s": "Eponym of the Maliki school and compiler of al-Muwatta'."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/part-1/eritrea/": {"t": "eritrea", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/tamil-nadu/": {"t": "tamil-nadu", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/karnataka/": {"t": "karnataka", "s": ""}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/tafsir/": {"t": "Tafsir", "s": "Quranic exegesis explaining God's will through language and tradition."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/five-pillars-of-islam/": {"t": "five-pillars-of-islam", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/names-of-god-in-islam/": {"t": "Names of God in Islam", "s": "Divine attributes revealed in Quran and hadith."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/ramadan/": {"t": "ramadan", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/hajj/": {"t": "hajj", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/part-1/dome-of-the-rock/": {"t": "Dome of the Rock", "s": "World's oldest surviving Islamic architectural monument."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-rulers-of-africa-and-the-near-ea/e/part-1/abd-al-malik-ibn-marwan/": {"t": "abd-al-malik-ibn-marwan", "s": ""}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/twelver-shi-ism/": {"t": "Twelver Shi'ism", "s": "The largest branch of Shia Islam, centred on twelve divinely chosen Imams from the family of Muhammad.", "i": "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions/img/abrahamic-religions/twelver-shi-ism.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Twelver Shi'ism · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/part-1/idolatry/": {"t": "Idolatry", "s": "Worship of an idol as though it were a deity, forbidden in Abrahamic religions."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/part-1/french-colonial-empire/": {"t": "french-colonial-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/saudi-arabia/": {"t": "Saudi Arabia", "s": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a land of ancient heritage, vast deserts, and global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/img/honours/saudi-arabia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/book-of-genesis/": {"t": "book-of-genesis", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-scriptures-and-epistles/e/part-1/gospel-of-matthew/": {"t": "gospel-of-matthew", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/bible/e/gospels/luke/": {"t": "Luke", "s": "The third canonical Gospel, first half of Luke-Acts, tracing Jesus from birth to ascension.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bible/img/gospels/luke.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gospel of Luke · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-scriptures-and-epistles/e/part-1/epistle-of-jude/": {"t": "epistle-of-jude", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/book-of-revelation/": {"t": "book-of-revelation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/part-1/sexual-assault/": {"t": "Sexual assault", "s": "Sexual assault is unwanted sexual contact or coercion without consent."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/dead-sea/": {"t": "Dead Sea", "s": "Lowest land elevation on Earth, deepest hypersaline lake, 9.6 times saltier than the ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/part-1/homosexuality/": {"t": "Homosexuality", "s": "A natural variation in human sexuality, documented across history and species."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/gnosticism/": {"t": "Gnosticism", "s": "A diverse collection of ancient religious and philosophical systems emphasizing personal spiritual knowledge (gnosis) over institutional authority."}, "https://codexery.com/civil-law-and-remedies/e/part-1/negotiation/": {"t": "negotiation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/taboo/e/part-1/looking-taboo/": {"t": "Looking taboo", "s": "A prohibition against looking, with dire consequences for violation."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/book-of-judges/": {"t": "book-of-judges", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/book-of-deuteronomy/": {"t": "book-of-deuteronomy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/part-1/eschatology/": {"t": "Eschatology", "s": "Study of end times across religions and philosophies."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/part-1/ethiopian-orthodox-tewahedo-church/": {"t": "ethiopian-orthodox-tewahedo-church", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/part-1/pejorative/": {"t": "Pejorative", "s": "A term expressing negative or disrespectful connotation."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/part-1/oral-sex/": {"t": "Oral sex", "s": "Sexual activity involving mouth stimulation of genitals."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/part-1/exegesis/": {"t": "Exegesis", "s": "Critical interpretation of texts, from Bible to ancient cuneiform."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/voltaire/": {"t": "Voltaire", "s": "French Enlightenment writer and advocate of civil liberties"}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/shafi-i-school/": {"t": "Shafi'i school", "s": "The third-largest Sunni school, emphasizing Hadith and analogical reasoning."}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/twelve-imams/": {"t": "Twelve Imams", "s": "Twelve divinely appointed successors of Muhammad in Twelver Shia Islam.", "i": "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions/img/abrahamic-religions/twelve-imams.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Abrahamic religions · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/imam/": {"t": "imam", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/maliki-school/": {"t": "Maliki school", "s": "A Sunni school prioritizing Medinan practice as living Sunnah."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/islamic-philosophy/": {"t": "islamic-philosophy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/ibn-hajar-al-asqalani/": {"t": "ibn-hajar-al-asqalani", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/part-1/inference/": {"t": "Inference", "s": "Logical reasoning from premises to conclusions."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/e/part-1/bukhara/": {"t": "bukhara", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/part-1/averroes/": {"t": "Averroes", "s": "Andalusian polymath and jurist, known as 'The Commentator' for his commentaries on Aristotle."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/part-1/common-law/": {"t": "common-law", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/islamic-schools-and-branches/": {"t": "islamic-schools-and-branches", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/kharijites/": {"t": "Kharijites", "s": "Early Islamic sect known for rebellion and strict piety."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/mu-tazilism/": {"t": "Mu'tazilism", "s": "Islamic rationalist theological school emphasizing God's unity and justice."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-mythology/e/part-1/abraham-in-islam/": {"t": "abraham-in-islam", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/al-ghazali/": {"t": "Al-Ghazali", "s": "Proof of Islam and renewer of the faith"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/mughal-empire/": {"t": "Mughal Empire", "s": "An early modern empire in South Asia, founded in 1526.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/part-1/mughal-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/qibla/": {"t": "Qibla", "s": "The direction Muslims face for prayer and ritual."}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/ummah/": {"t": "Ummah", "s": "The collective community of Muslim believers, transcending tribe and nation."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/ibn-kathir/": {"t": "ibn-kathir", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/part-1/morphology-linguistics/": {"t": "Morphology (linguistics)", "s": "Study of word structure and formation in language."}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/part-1/islamic-eschatology/": {"t": "islamic-eschatology", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionary-leaders-and-activists/e/part-1/sayyid-qutb/": {"t": "Sayyid Qutb", "s": "Egyptian revolutionary and leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutionary-leaders-and-activists/img/part-1/sayyid-qutb.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sayyid Qutb · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-and-sufi-mystics/e/part-1/shaykh-tusi/": {"t": "shaykh-tusi", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-and-genomics/e/part-1/genetics/": {"t": "genetics", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/caliphate/": {"t": "caliphate", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/part-1/arabic-alphabet/": {"t": "Arabic alphabet", "s": "A 28-letter cursive abjad written right-to-left."}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/salafi-movement/": {"t": "Salafi movement", "s": "A late 19th-century Islamic renewal movement emphasizing the salaf."}, "/e/abrahamic-religions/shahada/": {"t": "Shahada", "s": "Islamic declaration of faith and one of the Five Pillars."}, "https://codexery.com/set-theory-logic/e/part-1/reductio-ad-absurdum/": {"t": "Reductio ad absurdum", "s": "Proof by contradiction: one of a mathematician's finest weapons."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/part-1/causality/": {"t": "Causality", "s": "Causality is the influence by which a cause produces an effect."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/avicenna/": {"t": "Avicenna", "s": "Preeminent philosopher and physician of the Islamic Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/part-1/existence/": {"t": "Existence", "s": "The state of having being or reality, contrasted with nonexistence and essence."}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/part-1/existence-of-god/": {"t": "Existence of God", "s": "Debate on God's existence spans logical, empirical, and metaphysical arguments."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/part-1/cosmological-argument/": {"t": "Cosmological argument", "s": "Argument for God's existence from causation or contingency."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/part-1/mind-body-problem/": {"t": "Mind–body problem", "s": "Philosophical problem of how mind and body relate."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/slavery/": {"t": "slavery", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/jewish-mythology/e/part-1/serpents-in-the-bible/": {"t": "Serpents in the Bible", "s": "Serpent appears in Eden and throughout both Testaments."}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/part-1/millennialism/": {"t": "Millennialism", "s": "Belief in a thousand-year earthly kingdom before final judgment."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/part-1/christian-eschatology/": {"t": "christian-eschatology", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/roman-empire/": {"t": "roman-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/ephesus/": {"t": "Ephesus", "s": "Ancient Greek city on the Ionian coast, home to the Temple of Artemis and a UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/julius-caesar/": {"t": "Julius Caesar", "s": "Roman general, dictator, and author who transformed the Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustus/": {"t": "Augustus", "s": "Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/caligula/": {"t": "Caligula", "s": "Third Roman emperor, ruling from AD 37 until his assassination."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/part-1/apollo/": {"t": "apollo", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/as-roma/e/stadiums/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "An eternal city where ancient history pulses with the yellow-red heartbeat of its football club."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/part-1/apollonius-of-tyana/": {"t": "apollonius-of-tyana", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-mythology/e/part-1/antichrist/": {"t": "antichrist", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/muhammad-al-mahdi/": {"t": "muhammad-al-mahdi", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/husayn-ibn-ali/": {"t": "husayn-ibn-ali", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/ja-far-al-sadiq/": {"t": "ja-far-al-sadiq", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-and-sufi-mystics/e/part-1/salman-the-persian/": {"t": "salman-the-persian", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/part-1/martyr/": {"t": "Martyr", "s": "A witness who suffers death for a religious or political cause."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/muhammad-al-baqir/": {"t": "muhammad-al-baqir", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/part-1/al-ma-mun/": {"t": "Al-Ma'mun", "s": "Seventh Abbasid caliph who fostered the Islamic Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/part-1/free-will/": {"t": "Free will", "s": "The capacity to choose between different possible courses of action, central to moral responsibility and philosophical debate."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-sages/e/part-1/ibn-babawayh/": {"t": "ibn-babawayh", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/seljuk-sultanate/": {"t": "Seljuk Sultanate", "s": "The Turco-Persian empire of the Oghuz Turks that stretched from Anatolia to the Hindu Kush."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/part-1/persians/": {"t": "persians", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/part-1/ilkhanate/": {"t": "Ilkhanate", "s": "Mongol khanate ruling Iran and West Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/img/part-1/ilkhanate.webp", "c": "Ali Zifan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/suleiman-the-magnificent/": {"t": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "s": "Ottoman sultan who expanded the empire and reformed its laws."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/part-1/mysticism/": {"t": "mysticism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/part-1/junayd-of-baghdad/": {"t": "junayd-of-baghdad", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aristotle/": {"t": "Aristotle", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, founder of the Peripatetic school."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-philosophy-rhetoric/e/part-1/nicomachean-ethics/": {"t": "nicomachean-ethics", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-and-sufi-mystics/e/part-1/al-farabi/": {"t": "al-farabi", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/the-incoherence-of-the-philosophers/": {"t": "The Incoherence of the Philosophers", "s": "11th-century Asharite critique of Avicennian philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/principles-of-islamic-jurisprudence/": {"t": "Principles of Islamic jurisprudence", "s": "Methodological principles for deriving Islamic legal rulings from scripture."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/part-1/maturidism/": {"t": "Maturidism", "s": "A Sunni theological school emphasizing reason and Hanafi jurisprudence."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/part-1/ibn-battuta/": {"t": "ibn-battuta", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/part-1/the-fall-of-constantinople/": {"t": "the-fall-of-constantinople", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/part-1/divine-command-theory/": {"t": "Divine command theory", "s": "Moral goodness equals what God commands."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/part-1/pilgrimage/": {"t": "pilgrimage", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-mythology/e/part-1/religion-in-pre-islamic-arabia/": {"t": "religion-in-pre-islamic-arabia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-digestive-system-and/e/part-1/defecation/": {"t": "Defecation", "s": "Biological process of eliminating feces from the digestive tract.", "i": "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-digestive-system-and/img/part-1/defecation.webp", "c": "Rama · CC BY-SA 2.0 fr"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/part-1/flatulence/": {"t": "Flatulence", "s": "The medical study of intestinal gas expulsion."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/part-1/menstruation/": {"t": "Menstruation", "s": "Regular discharge of uterine lining triggered by hormonal changes."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/part-1/sexual-intercourse/": {"t": "Sexual intercourse", "s": "An intimate activity with varied definitions and cultural significance."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/part-1/inflammation/": {"t": "Inflammation", "s": "Biological defence response of body tissues to harmful stimuli."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/uthman/": {"t": "Uthman", "s": "Third Rashidun caliph who standardized the Quran."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/iron-age/": {"t": "iron-age", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/classes-of-angels/e/part-1/heavenly-host/": {"t": "heavenly-host", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/part-1/hebrew-alphabet/": {"t": "Hebrew alphabet", "s": "A 22-letter abjad used for Hebrew and Jewish languages."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/book-of-exodus/": {"t": "book-of-exodus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/part-1/egyptian-language/": {"t": "Egyptian language", "s": "An extinct Afro-Asiatic language of ancient Egypt, with a written record spanning over 5,000 years."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-and-social-concepts/e/part-1/nation-state/": {"t": "nation-state", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/nebuchadnezzar-ii/": {"t": "Nebuchadnezzar II", "s": "The Great Builder and Conqueror of Babylon"}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/part-1/passover/": {"t": "Passover", "s": "Major Jewish holiday commemorating the Exodus from Egypt.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/img/part-1/passover.webp", "c": "Scribe: Yôsēf ben Dāwīd mil-Leypnîq Yosef ben David, of Leipnik Joseph ben David · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/part-1/cereal/": {"t": "cereal", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/part-1/sukkot/": {"t": "Sukkot", "s": "A seven-day Jewish harvest and Exodus commemoration festival."}, "https://codexery.com/jewish-mythology/e/part-1/the-exodus/": {"t": "The Exodus", "s": "The Israelites leaving Egypt, as founding myth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jewish-mythology/img/part-1/the-exodus.webp", "c": "Jim Padgett · CC BY-SA 3.0"}}