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4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/czechoslovakia/": {"t": "Czechoslovakia", "s": "A Central European nation that existed from 1918 to 1992, known for its democratic origins and peaceful dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/microwave/": {"t": "Microwave", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation between radio waves and infrared, used widely in technology."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/earth-moon-earth-communication/": {"t": "Earth–Moon–Earth communication", "s": "Moon bounce enables two-way radio via lunar reflection."}, "/e/20th-century-hungarian-inventors/imre-br-dy/": {"t": "Imre Bródy", "s": "Hungarian physicist who invented the 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{"t": "British nationality law", "s": "Six classes of British nationality under the 1981 Act."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/e/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/iannis-xenakis/": {"t": "Iannis Xenakis", "s": "Avant-garde composer who fused mathematics, architecture, and music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/img/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/iannis-xenakis.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iannis Xenakis · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/norbert-wiener/": {"t": "Norbert Wiener", "s": "Originator of cybernetics and early theorist of machine intelligence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/img/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/norbert-wiener.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Norbert Wiener · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/clive-sinclair/": {"t": "Clive Sinclair", 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"https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/ford-motor-company/": {"t": "Ford Motor Company", "s": "American automaker that pioneered mass production via assembly lines.", "i": "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/img/automotive-industry/ford-motor-company.webp", "c": "42-BRT · via Wikipedia: Ford Motor Company · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/cooling-tower/": {"t": "Cooling tower", "s": "Device that rejects waste heat by cooling water."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/eth-zurich/": {"t": "ETH Zurich", "s": "Swiss federal STEM university with 22 Nobel laureates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/eth-zurich.webp", "c": "Ank Kumar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/evaporation/": {"t": "Evaporation", "s": "Surface vaporization process driven by heat and molecular kinetics."}, "https://codexery.com/hungarian-inventions/e/hungarian-inventions/high-performance-liquid-chromatography/": {"t": "High-performance liquid chromatography", "s": "A pressurized liquid chromatography technique for separating and analyzing mixture components."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/chemical-engineering/": {"t": "Chemical engineering", "s": "Engineering field focused on converting raw materials into useful products."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/physical-chemistry/": {"t": "Physical chemistry", "s": "Applying physics to understand chemical systems and reactions."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/goethe-university-frankfurt/": {"t": "Goethe University Frankfurt", "s": "Public research university founded by liberal citizens in 1914.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/goethe-university-frankfurt.webp", "c": "Sven · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-analysis-and-spectroscopy/e/chemical-analysis-and-spectroscopy/gas-chromatography/": {"t": "Gas chromatography", "s": "A technique for separating vaporizable compounds in a mixture."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-analysis-and-spectroscopy/e/chemical-analysis-and-spectroscopy/chromatography/": {"t": "Chromatography", "s": "A laboratory technique for separating mixtures into their components.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-analysis-and-spectroscopy/img/chemical-analysis-and-spectroscopy/chromatography.webp", "c": "Mattia Luigi Nappi · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-reactors-and-processes/e/chemical-reactors-and-processes/electrophoresis/": {"t": "Electrophoresis", "s": "Electrophoresis separates charged particles using an electric field.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-reactors-and-processes/img/chemical-reactors-and-processes/electrophoresis.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/biochemical-engineering/": {"t": "Biochemical engineering", "s": "Field translating biological lab discoveries into industrial-scale manufacturing."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/humboldt-university-of-berlin/": {"t": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "s": "Public research university pioneering the Humboldtian model of higher education."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/max-planck/": {"t": "Max Planck", "s": "German theoretical 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{"t": "Zohar", "s": "A foundational Kabbalistic work of disputed medieval origin."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/rwth-aachen-university/": {"t": "RWTH Aachen University", "s": "Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University Aachen – a leading German University of Excellence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/education-schools/img/education-and-schools/rwth-aachen-university.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: RWTH Aachen University · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/mechanics/": {"t": "Mechanics", "s": 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Arnold · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/fluid-dynamics/": {"t": "Fluid dynamics", "s": "Study of fluid flow, including liquids and gases."}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions-of-the-nazi-period/e/german-inventions-of-the-nazi-period/swept-wing/": {"t": "Swept wing", "s": "Swept wings delay shock waves near the speed of sound."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/jet-aircraft/": {"t": "Jet aircraft", "s": "Aircraft propelled by jet engines, enabling high-speed flight."}, "https://codexery.com/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/e/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/laminar-flow/": {"t": "Laminar flow", "s": "Smooth, layered fluid motion without mixing or eddies."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/creativity/": {"t": "Creativity", "s": "Ability to generate novel and valuable ideas or works."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-china/e/space-program-of-china/qian-xuesen/": {"t": "Qian Xuesen", "s": "Chinese aerospace engineer and cyberneticist; father of Chinese rocketry."}, "https://codexery.com/firearm-manufacturers/e/firearm-manufacturers/sig-group/": {"t": "SIG Group", "s": "Swiss industrial conglomerate with origins in railways and firearms."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/sig-ke7/": {"t": "SIG KE7", "s": "Swiss-designed light machine gun exported widely but never Swiss Army issue."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/danuvia-43m-submachine-gun/": {"t": "Danuvia 43M submachine gun", "s": "The most produced variant of the Hungarian Danuvia submachine gun."}, "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/e/battle-rifles-and-carbines/fn-fal/": {"t": "FN FAL", "s": "A widely adopted NATO battle rifle known as the right arm of the free world.", "i": "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/img/battle-rifles-and-carbines/fn-fal.webp", "c": "Bouillant Achille · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/e/battle-rifles-and-carbines/crist-bal-carbine/": {"t": "Cristóbal Carbine", "s": "Dominican carbine designed by Hungarian engineer Pál Király."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/johns-hopkins-university/": {"t": "Johns Hopkins University", "s": "First U.S. research university, founded by a Quaker philanthropist.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/johns-hopkins-university.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/e/aircraft-components/airfoil/": {"t": "Airfoil", "s": "A streamlined body generating more lift than drag."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-science/": {"t": "Computer science", "s": "Study of computation, information, and automation spanning theory to application."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-and-stochastic-processes/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/monte-carlo-method/": {"t": "Monte Carlo method", "s": "Computational algorithms using repeated random sampling for numerical results."}, "https://codexery.com/early-soviet-republics/e/early-soviet-republics/hungarian-soviet-republic/": {"t": "Hungarian Soviet Republic", "s": "Short-lived communist state led by Béla Kun in 1919.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-soviet-republics/img/early-soviet-republics/hungarian-soviet-republic.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hungarian Soviet Republic · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/john-von-neumann/": {"t": "John von Neumann", "s": "Mathematician who shaped quantum physics, computing, and nuclear strategy."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/attack-on-pearl-harbor/": {"t": "Attack on Pearl Harbor", "s": "Surprise Japanese air raid on US Pacific Fleet, December 7, 1941.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/attack-on-pearl-harbor.webp", "c": "Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Katarzyna Kobiljak · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/southern-europe/": {"t": "Southern Europe", "s": "Mediterranean Europe shaped by peninsulas, mountains, and ancient civilizations."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/clapboard/": {"t": "Clapboard", "s": "Wooden siding of overlapping horizontal boards used on buildings."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/miscarriage/": {"t": "Miscarriage", "s": "Miscarriage is the most common complication of early pregnancy."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/metallurgy/": {"t": "Metallurgy", "s": "The science and technology of metals and alloys."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electrical-engineering/": {"t": "Electrical engineering", "s": "Discipline studying and applying electricity, electronics, and 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